316L austenitic stainless steel was carburized in sodium containing a high-carbon activity at two different temperatures, 500 °C and 600 °C for 1000 h. The carbon profile, carbide mass fraction and residual stress tensor profile were determined using electron probe microanalysis and high-energy X-ray diffraction. The carbon profile and carbides mass fractions were also predicted using a thermodynamic and kinetic modeling tool (DICTRA). At 600 °C, the experimental results and predictions suggested that the carbon absorbed by the sample was mainly trapped to form M₂₃C₆ and M₇C₃ carbides. The residual stress profile in austenite was strongly dependent on the M₂₃C₆ precipitation and the induced modification of the substrate chemical composition. At 500 °C, results and predictions suggested that the carbon was mainly dissolved in austenite. The residual stress profile was governed by the formation of expanded austenite at the sample surface.

316L 奥氏体不锈钢在含有高碳活性的钠中在 500°C 和 600°C 两种不同温度下渗碳 1000 小时。碳分布、碳化物质量分数和残余应力张量分布是使用电子探针显微分析和高能 X 射线衍射确定的。还使用热力学和动力学建模工具 (DICTRA) 预测碳分布和碳化物质量分数。在 600 °C 时，实验结果和预测表明样品吸收的碳主要被捕获以形成 M ₂₃ C ₆和 M ₇ C ₃碳化物。奥氏体中的残余应力分布强烈依赖于 M ₂₃ C ₆沉淀和基质化学成分的诱导改性。在 500 °C 时，结果和预测表明碳主要溶解在奥氏体中。残余应力分布由样品表面膨胀奥氏体的形成控制。