Abstract

In our overview, we describe the evolution of methods and approaches for medium-scale tectonic mapping of deep ocean areas at scales from 1 : 1 000 000 to 1 : 15 000 000 and smaller, which is a synthesis of data on the structure of the bottom and a theoretical geodynamic model that interprets the genesis of the observed structures. Changes in the content of map legends are shown depending on the instrumental level of research and theory of tectogenesis to the level developed for land tectonics. Until 1970, the development of tectonic ocean mapping followed the path of direct convergence of the composition of map legends with their land counterparts, since data were interpreted based on fixism theory. When the ideas of mobilism were formed in the theory, the content of ocean maps acquired tectonic elements that differ from land, peculiar only to oceans. By 1970, extensive geological and geophysical data and their interpretation based on plate tectonics finally resulted in a specific tectonic legend for oceans. Tectonic maps were constructed with a new set of legend elements for all oceans, which were part of general tectonic maps of the framing of continents. The age gradation of the oceanic basement was created, based on the indexation of linear magnetic anomalies and the primary classification of younger intraplate structures overprinted on the basement. The use of satellite altimetry data, which has dense and uniform coverage at medium scales, gave new impetus for mapping the ocean floor and basement structures, even in areas where they are overdraped by sedimentary cover and are not highlighted in the ocean floor relief. This led to new-generation maps with a no less reliable topographic basis than spatially nonuniform echosounding. At the end of the 1980s, there began a fundamentally new stage of accumulation of instrumental measurement data and attempts to rationally adapt them into a theoretical geodynamic model. In the structure of oceanic crust, previously unknown tectonic elements were identified that had not been recorded during nonuniform shipboard surveys. New tectonic elements, established according to modern data, received a rational geodynamic interpretation using plate tectonics theory, assuming the block and tectonically stratified structure of moving plates. New tectonic maps and reference data are so saturated with information that it is necessary to move from small scales to 1 : 10 000 000 to display the details of the topographic bases on which they were interpreted. In our review, we address the unsolved problems that currently arise in compiling medium-scale tectonic maps of deep ocean areas, which are the structural features of intraplate deformation and magmatic structures.

中文翻译：

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深海区中尺度构造测绘方法

摘要

在我们的概述中，我们描述了从 1 : 1 000 000 到 1 : 15 000 000 及更小尺度的深海区域中尺度构造绘图方法和方法的演变，这是关于海洋结构数据的综合。底部和解释观察到的结构起源的理论地球动力学模型。地图图例内容的变化取决于研究的仪器水平和构造发生理论到为陆地构造发展的水平。直到 1970 年，构造海洋测绘的发展遵循了地图图例的构成与其陆地对应物直接融合的路径，因为数据是根据固定论解释的。当理论中形成流动性的思想时，海洋地图的内容获得了不同于陆地的构造元素，只有海洋才有。到 1970 年，广泛的地质和地球物理数据及其基于板块构造的解释最终形成了一个特定的海洋构造传说。构造图是用所有海洋的一组新图例元素构建的，它们是大陆框架的一般构造图的一部分。根据线性磁异常的指数化和叠印在基底上的年轻板内结构的主要分类，创建了大洋基底的年龄分级。卫星测高数据在中等尺度上具有密集且均匀的覆盖范围，这为绘制洋底和基底结构提供了新的动力，即使在它们被沉积覆盖层覆盖且在洋底地貌中没有突出显示的区域也是如此。这导致了新一代地图，其地形基础的可靠性不亚于空间非均匀回声测深。1980 年代末，仪器测量数据的积累开始了一个全新的阶段，并试图将它们合理地应用于理论地球动力学模型。在大洋地壳的结构中，发现了以前未知的构造元素，而这些元素在不均匀的船上调查中没有被记录下来。根据现代数据建立的新构造元素，使用板块构造理论得到了合理的地球动力学解释，假设移动板块具有块状和构造分层结构。新的构造图和参考数据充满了信息，因此有必要从小规模移动到 1 ：10 000 000 显示解释它们的地形基础的详细信息。在我们的综述中，我们解决了目前在编制深海区中尺度构造图时出现的未解决问题，这些问题是板内变形和岩浆构造的结构特征。