Microbial fuel cells (MFC) have been foreseen as a sustainable renewable energy resource to meet future energy demand. In the past, several studies have been executed in both benchtop and pilot scale to produce electrical energy from wastewater. The key role players in this technology that leads to the operation are microbes, mainly bacteria. The dominant among them is termed as “exoelectrogens” that have the capability to produce and transport electron by utilizing waste source. The current review focuses on such electrogenic bacteria’s involvement for enhanced power generation of MFC. The pathway of electron transfer in their cell along and its conduction to the extracellular environment of the MFC system are critically discussed. The interaction of the microbes in various MFC operational conditions, including the role of substrate and solid electron acceptors, i.e., anode, external resistance, temperature, and pH, was also discussed in depth along with biotechnological advancement and future research perspective.

微生物燃料电池（MFC）被认为是一种可持续的可再生能源，可以满足未来的能源需求。过去，已经进行了几项实验室和中试规模的研究，以从废水中产生电能。这项技术中导致操作的关键角色是微生物，主要是细菌。其中占主导地位的被称为“外产电”，具有利用废物源产生和传输电子的能力。目前的综述主要集中在此类产电细菌对增强 MFC 发电的参与。严格讨论了细胞内电子转移的途径及其向 MFC 系统细胞外环境的传导。还深入讨论了微生物在各种 MFC 操作条件下的相互作用，包括基质和固体电子受体（即阳极、外部电阻、温度和 pH 值）的作用以及生物技术的进步和未来的研究前景。