Abstract

This paper presents recent activities covering different plasma fields, from both theoretical and experimental point of views. An overview of the present interests of the scientific community is reported here. Starting from a brief description of the role of collisions in astrophysical plasmas, some fundamental aspects of gas discharges modelling, such as superelastic collisions and the basic concept of vibrational temperature, are discussed. Different plasma sources, as DBD and microwave discharges with their own specific applications, are reported. Edge plasmas in nuclear fusion reactors are investigated, focusing on the cooling mechanisms resulting from nitrogen puffing in the divertor region.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

---

不同状态下非平衡等离子体的理论和实验方面：基本原理和选定的应用

摘要

本文从理论和实验的角度介绍了涵盖不同等离子体场的最新活动。此处报告了科学界当前兴趣的概述。从对碰撞在天体物理等离子体中的作用的简要描述开始，讨论了气体放电建模的一些基本方面，例如超弹性碰撞和振动温度的基本概念。报告了不同的等离子体源，如 DBD 和微波放电及其特定应用。研究了核聚变反应堆中的边缘等离子体，重点是偏滤器区域中氮喷出导致的冷却机制。

图形摘要