Present studies focus the depositional and diagenetic processes controlling porosity of the middle to upper Miocene carbonates in Central Luconia, Malaysia. Secondary porosity has previously been linked to growth history, meteoric diagenesis, and burial diagenesis, with a few studies suggesting the possibility of diagenetic evolution driven by mixing zone or refluxing brines; but without conclusive evidence. The microfacies present in the studied succession were formed under varying tectonic and sea-level conditions. Data from seismic sections, cores, and thin sections show how the paragenetic sequences of the limestones and the dolomitic limestones were affected by the regional structural framework. During the critical period of the region history, an isolated coral/foraminiferal buildup (~ 600 m thick) was formed, in which the lower 300 m formed a megabank, extending laterally to ~ 5 km. The upper part reflects a dramatic tilting of the platform, with backstepping reducing its diameter to ~ 3 km. Five stratigraphic intervals are separated by boundaries marked by slightly argillaceous limestones. Interval 3 (1951–1893 m) is an ideal example of facies, porosity, permeability and diagenetic changes. The sequence is bounded by argillaceous limestone (Φ = 1%), with overlying mouldic limestone (Φ = 25%) to dolomitic limestone and dolomite (Φ = 30%). The best porosity and permeability is found in dolomite and dolomitic limestones, and which are typified by intercrystalline and vuggy porosity. The succession was subsequently influenced by at least four stages of calcite cementation and three stages of dolomitization, with a later stage of calcitization of the dolomite. These were punctuated by two stages marked by dissolution, minor compaction, and stylolitization. First, leaching of dominantly skeletal allochems (corals, mollucs), partial dolomitization (muddy fabric), and leaching near stylolites. The dissolution stages are not generally grain selective, and replaced all aragonite fragments and magnesium calcite to calcite and dolomite. Five different types of porosities are observed in EX, mouldic, vuggy, microporosity, intercrystalline and minor stylo-pores. Both the deposition and the diagenesis were controlled by tectonic events such as uplift, subsidence, tilting, and syn-sedimentary faulting, driving changes in relative sea level. Our reservoir-scale evaluation suggests that the substantial secondary porosity could form an appropriate reservoir for the long-term storage of CO₂.

目前的研究集中在控制马来西亚中新世中上新世碳酸盐岩孔隙度的沉积和成岩过程。次生孔隙度以前与生长历史、大气成岩作用和埋藏成岩作用有关，一些研究表明混合带或回流盐水驱动成岩演化的可能性；但没有确凿的证据。研究序列中存在的微相是在不同的构造和海平面条件下形成的。来自地震剖面、岩心和薄片的数据显示了石灰岩和白云质石灰岩的共生层序是如何受到区域构造框架的影响的。在该地区历史的关键时期，形成了孤立的珊瑚/有孔虫堆积物（~ 600 m 厚），其中较低的 300 m 形成了一个大型银行，横向延伸到 ~ 5 km。上部反映了平台的剧烈倾斜，后退将其直径减小到约 3 公里。五个地层层段被以微泥质石灰岩为标志的边界隔开。区间 3 (1951–1893 m) 是相、孔隙度、渗透率和成岩变化的理想例子。该层序以泥质石灰岩为界（Φ  = 1%)，上覆模质灰岩 ( Φ  = 25%) 至白云质灰岩和白云岩 ( Φ = 30%）。白云岩和白云质灰岩的孔隙度和渗透率最好，以晶间孔隙和孔洞为代表。随后的演替至少受到四个阶段的方解石胶结和三个阶段的白云石化的影响，以及后期的白云石方解石化阶段。这些过程被以溶解、轻微压实和风格化为标志的两个阶段打断。首先，主要是骨骼异体化合物（珊瑚、软体动物）的浸出、部分白云石化（泥状结构）和在缝合线附近浸出。溶解阶段通常不是颗粒选择性的，而是将所有文石碎片和镁方解石替换为方解石和白云石。在 EX、霉菌、孔洞、微孔、晶间和小柱状孔中观察到五种不同类型的孔隙。沉积和成岩作用均受抬升、沉降、倾斜和同沉积断层等构造事件控制，驱动相对海平面的变化。我们的储层规模评估表明，大量的次生孔隙可以形成适合长期储存 CO 的储层₂ .