Abstract

Rapid conversion of tar from the Nizhnekamsk Oil Refinery in the plasma catalytic mode stimulated by microwave radiation (MWR, 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz) was studied. A quartz reactor arranged in the installation waveguide was charged with tar mixed with 15 wt % catalytic system characterized by high dielectric loss. Microwave radiation gives rise to breakdown effects on the surface of the catalytic system, followed by the plasma generation. In the plasma catalytic mode at optimum temperature of the reaction zone, 650–700°С, the tar undergoes rapid degradation with the formation of gaseous (9.3 wt %) and liquid (75.7 wt %) products and of a carbon residue containing the catalytic system (15 wt %). The maximal tar conversion is 85% upon 20-min irradiation. Analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy shows that the tar conversion products consist mainly of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons. The solid iron-containing residue separated from the tar hydrogenation products exhibits increased ability to absorb MWR and can be used repeatedly.

中文翻译：

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焦油的微波辅助等离子体催化转化为碳氢化合物产品

摘要

研究了在微波辐射 (MWR, 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz) 刺激下的等离子体催化模式下来自 Nizhnekamsk 炼油厂的焦油的快速转化。布置在安装波导中的石英反应器装有混合有 15wt% 催化系统的焦油，其特征在于高介电损耗。微波辐射在催化体系表面产生击穿效应，随后产生等离子体。在反应区最佳温度 650-700°С 的等离子体催化模式中，焦油经历快速降解，形成气态（9.3 重量％）和液态（75.7 重量％）产物以及含有催化系统（15 重量％）。20 分钟辐照后的最大焦油转化率为 85%。气相色谱-质谱和红外光谱分析表明焦油转化产物主要由烷烃、烯烃、炔烃和烷基取代的芳烃组成。从焦油加氢产物中分离出来的固体含铁残渣对MWR的吸收能力增强，可以重复使用。