T1RS.1BL wheat-rye translocation has been widely used in wheat breeding owing to agronomically beneficial genes located on the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1RS). Although numerous methods have been developed to identify wheat lines possessing 1RS, there are some limits to their practical application in large breeding populations. In this study, we developed 10 homoeologous markers specific to each short arm of chromosome 1 of common wheat and rye based on genome databases, and their specificity was validated using wheat aneuploid and rye chromosome addition lines. Furthermore, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed by crossing T1RS.1BL and non-translocated wheat and screening with the developed markers. Seed storage protein analysis revealed that the RILs possessed high gluten quality, and recombination had occurred in gluten and gliadin gene coding loci, except for in the 1RS region. The root and shoot biomasses of the RILs under drought and recovery were measured, indicating superior drought tolerance of the T1RS.1BL lines. The markers and RILs developed in this study could be useful in breeding wheat-rye translocations.

由于位于黑麦染色体 1 (1RS) 短臂上的农艺有益基因，T1RS.1BL 小麦-黑麦易位已广泛应用于小麦育种。尽管已经开发了多种方法来识别具有 1RS 的小麦品系，但它们在大型育种群体中的实际应用存在一些限制。在这项研究中，我们基于基因组数据库开发了 10 个特定于普通小麦和黑麦 1 号染色体短臂的同源标记，并使用小麦非整倍体和黑麦染色体添加系验证了它们的特异性。此外，重组自交系（RILs）是通过将T1RS.1BL和非易位小麦杂交并用开发的标记筛选开发的。种子贮藏蛋白分析表明，RILs 具有高面筋质量，除 1RS 区外，谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白基因编码位点均发生重组。测量了干旱和恢复条件下 RILs 的根和芽生物量，表明 T1RS.1BL 品系具有优异的耐旱性。本研究中开发的标记和 RIL 可用于育种小麦 - 黑麦易位。