The effect of pollution of Albicluvisols/Retisols, Calcaric Leptosols, Luvic Phaeozems, Greyzamic Phaeozems and Folic Fluvisols with oil (Solovatovsky oil field, Perm region) added in amounts of 1, 2, 3 and 5 g oil/kg of soil on the organisms was studied in a model laboratory experiment. Oil addition showed phytotoxic effects on root length in Triticum aestivum L., Lepidium sativum L., Picea obovata Ledeb. and Pinus sylvestris L. in all soils. However, oil contamination of Calcaric Leptosols and Greyzamic Phaeozems led to growth stimulation in Picea obovata seedlings. A remarkable shift in the diversity and number of colony-forming units of heterotrophic and oil-oxidizing bacteria was detected in all soil types. The maximum decrease in biodiversity (45%) was noted for heterotrophic bacteria in Luvic Phaeozems. Aqueous extracts from all oil-contaminated soils had a toxic effect on Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, causing an increase in biomass by more than 30%, but did not show acute toxicity on Daphnia magna Straus. Oil addition in the range of 1–3 g oil/kg soil posed no environmental risk to human health. However, oil addition at 5 g oil/kg of soil led to an increase in the level of carcinogenic risk to children to the threshold values of acceptable risk and ranged from 0.95 × 10^–4 for Greyzamic Phaeozems and Folic Fluvisols to 1.098 × 10^–4 for Luvic Phaeozems. Our results suggest that the reaction of test organisms to oil pollution depends on the soil type, and their complex application makes it possible to identify the most sensitive factor and assess the dangerous level of pollution.

Albicluvisols/Retisols、Calcaric Leptosols、Luvic Phaeozems、Greyzamic Phaeozems 和 Folic Fluidols 与油（Solovatovsky 油田，彼尔姆地区）的污染对生物体的影响在模型实验室实验中进行了研究。添加油对小麦的根长有植物毒性作用，Lepidium sativum L.，Picea obovata Ledeb。和Pinus sylvestris L. 在所有土壤中。然而，Calcaric Leptosols 和 Greyzamic Phaeozems 的油污染导致了Picea obovata 的生长刺激幼苗。在所有土壤类型中都检测到异养细菌和油氧化细菌的菌落形成单位的多样性和数量发生了显着变化。注意到 Luvic Phaeozems 中的异养细菌生物多样性的最大减少 (45%)。所有油污染土壤的水提物对普通小球藻都有毒性作用，使生物量增加30%以上，但对大溞未表现出急性毒性。添加 1-3 克油/公斤土壤的油不会对人类健康造成环境风险。然而，每公斤土壤添加 5 克油导致儿童致癌风险水平增加到可接受风险的阈值，范围为 0.95 × 10 ^–4对于 Greyzamic Phaeozems 和 Folic Fluidols，Luvic Phaeozems 为 1.098 × 10 ^–4。我们的结果表明，测试生物对石油污染的反应取决于土壤类型，它们的复杂应用使得识别最敏感的因素和评估污染的危险水平成为可能。