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Ecological criteria for assessing the content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the main soils of coniferous–deciduous forests and forest steppe

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Abstract

The effect of pollution of Albicluvisols/Retisols, Calcaric Leptosols, Luvic Phaeozems, Greyzamic Phaeozems and Folic Fluvisols with oil (Solovatovsky oil field, Perm region) added in amounts of 1, 2, 3 and 5 g oil/kg of soil on the organisms was studied in a model laboratory experiment. Oil addition showed phytotoxic effects on root length in Triticum aestivum L., Lepidium sativum L., Picea obovata Ledeb. and Pinus sylvestris L. in all soils. However, oil contamination of Calcaric Leptosols and Greyzamic Phaeozems led to growth stimulation in Picea obovata seedlings. A remarkable shift in the diversity and number of colony-forming units of heterotrophic and oil-oxidizing bacteria was detected in all soil types. The maximum decrease in biodiversity (45%) was noted for heterotrophic bacteria in Luvic Phaeozems. Aqueous extracts from all oil-contaminated soils had a toxic effect on Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, causing an increase in biomass by more than 30%, but did not show acute toxicity on Daphnia magna Straus. Oil addition in the range of 1–3 g oil/kg soil posed no environmental risk to human health. However, oil addition at 5 g oil/kg of soil led to an increase in the level of carcinogenic risk to children to the threshold values of acceptable risk and ranged from 0.95 × 10–4 for Greyzamic Phaeozems and Folic Fluvisols to 1.098 × 10–4 for Luvic Phaeozems. Our results suggest that the reaction of test organisms to oil pollution depends on the soil type, and their complex application makes it possible to identify the most sensitive factor and assess the dangerous level of pollution.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out as part of the implementation of the Program of activities of the world-class scientific and educational center "Rational Subsoil Use" for 2019-2024 with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 30, 2019 No. 537) and financially supported by the RFBR grant 18-29-05006. The study was performed using the equipment of the Core Facilitates Center “Research of materials and matter” at the PFRC UB RAS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biogeocenology and Nature Protection, Perm State University, 15, Bukireva st, Perm, Russia, 614990

    S. A. Buzmakov, D. O. Egorova, Y. V. Khotyanovskaya, D. N. Andreev, E. A. Dziuba & I. E. Shestakov

  2. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, 15, Bukireva st, Perm, Russia, 614990

    I. B. Ivshina, M. S. Kuyukina & A. A. Elkin

  3. Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, 614081

    D. O. Egorova & A. V. Nazarov

  4. Laboratory of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, 614081

    I. B. Ivshina, M. S. Kuyukina & A. A. Elkin

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  1. S. A. Buzmakov
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  2. I. B. Ivshina
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  3. D. O. Egorova
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  4. Y. V. Khotyanovskaya
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  5. D. N. Andreev
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All authors contributed to the development of this paper and took an active part in conducting experiments, analyzing and interpreting the results. Authors agreed on the sequence of authors listed and approved the final version of the article to be submitted for publication.

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Correspondence to D. O. Egorova.

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Buzmakov, S.A., Ivshina, I.B., Egorova, D.O. et al. Ecological criteria for assessing the content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the main soils of coniferous–deciduous forests and forest steppe. Environ Geochem Health 43, 5099–5118 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00998-9

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