Abstract—The evolutionary-ecological concept of morphoniche is proposed where the morphoniche is regarded as part of the multidimensional ecological niche that characterizes the limits of phenotypic plasticity of individuals, cenopopulations, and taxocenes in the morphospace. The phenome—a morphofunctional “shell” of an individual—is the basic part of its ecological niche and a multifunctional “biological tool” allowing the individual to perform its generative, trophic, and environment-forming functions in the population and community. The phenome characterizes the morphophysiological habitus of an individual and serves as its personal morphoniche. Geometric morphometrics makes it possible to bring into correlation the locations of individual morphoniches in the common morphospace and evaluate coupled morphogenetic reactions of individuals to changes in aut- and synecological factors. The epigenetic system of a population parameterizes the potential morphospace, delimiting the fan of possible invariants of morphogenesis. The volume of population morphospace reflects morphogenetic reactions of a population to the range of local ecological factors and allows estimation of its realized morphoniche. An analysis of realized morphoniches over many years provides an estimate of the potential population morphoniche. Part of the community (taxocene) comprising cenopopulations of closely related sympatric species provides a model of the cenotic morphoniche. The ratios between the volumes of realized and potential morphoniches make it possible to evaluate the adaptive modification potential and optimality index of the realized morphoniches of individuals, cenopopulations, and taxocenes, the limits of their phenotypic plasticity, and the risk of an evolutionary-ecological crisis.

摘要— 提出了 morphoniche 的进化生态概念，其中 morphoniche 被视为多维生态位的一部分，该生态位表征了形态空间中个体、种群和分类群的表型可塑性极限。表型组——个体的形态功能“外壳”——是其生态位的基本组成部分，也是一种多功能的“生物工具”，允许个体在种群和社区中执行其生殖、营养和环境形成功能。现象组表征了个体的形态生理习性，并作为其个体形态。几何形态计量学可以将个体形态在共同形态空间中的位置关联起来，并评估个体对自身和共生态因素变化的耦合形态发生反应。种群的表观遗传系统参数化了潜在的形态空间，界定了可能的形态发生不变量的扇形。种群形态空间的体积反映了种群对当地生态因素范围的形态发生反应，并允许估计其实现的形态。多年来对已实现的 morphoniche 的分析提供了对潜在种群 morphoniche 的估计。群落的一部分（紫杉世）由密切相关的同域物种的新种群组成，提供了一个新的 morphoniche 模型。