Abstract

Different extracts of solitary marine tunicates have attracted attention as a source of amazing secondary metabolites with a wide range of promising potential biological effects. In the current study the antibacterial activity of the Persian Gulf marine tunicate “Phallusia nigra,” against the Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli were investigated. The total flavonoid, phenolic, and alkaloid contents as well as, identification of their bioactive molecules were also analyzed. The tunicate extract showed significant antibacterial activities against the tested gram-negative bacteria strains. Chemical investigation of the methanol-chloroform extract by the GC-MS method, afforded the 23 compounds (C1–C23), with incredible and different structures. The extract had the highest amounts of flavonoid and phenolic contents. The result of flavonoids to phenolics ratio showed that the extract is rich in flavonoids. Amongst, 13 compounds including the C5, C9, C10, C12–C16, and C18–C22 belonged to different groups of flavonoids. From six nitrogenous organic compounds C1– C3, C7, C11, and C23 with a total abundance of about 36.74%, the bioactive heterocyclic compounds, C1, C7, and C23 have indole alkaloids, phthalazines, and thiadiazoles structures with potential known diverse pharmacological properties. At least, a portion of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities may be due to the presence of these unique bioactive compounds in the extract. However, this marine organism can be subjected to different biological, phytochemical, and pharmacological and nutraceutical studies to find out the novel drugs.

中文翻译：

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来自海洋被囊动物“Phallusia nigra”的次级代谢产物和一些生物活动

摘要

单独的海洋被囊类动物的不同提取物作为具有广泛前景的潜在生物效应的令人惊奇的次级代谢物的来源引起了人们的注意。在目前的研究波斯湾的海洋被囊动物的抗菌活性“ Phallusia黑，”对金黄色葡萄球菌，表皮葡萄球菌，粪肠球菌，绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌被调查。还分析了总黄酮、酚类和生物碱的含量以及对其生物活性分子的鉴定。被囊类动物提取物对测试的革兰氏阴性细菌菌株显示出显着的抗菌活性。通过 GC-MS 方法对甲醇-氯仿提取物进行化学研究，得到 23 种化合物 ( C1 – C23 )，具有令人难以置信的不同结构。该提取物的类黄酮和酚类物质含量最高。黄酮类与酚类比的结果表明提取物富含黄酮类化合物。其中，包括C5、C9、C10、C12 – C16和C18在内的 13 种化合物– C22属于不同组的黄酮类化合物。从总丰度约为 36.74% 的六种含氮有机化合物C1 – C3、C7、C11和C23 中，生物活性杂环化合物C1、C7和C23具有吲哚生物碱、酞嗪和噻二唑结构，具有潜在的已知多种药理特性。至少，部分抗微生物和抗氧化活性可能是由于提取物中存在这些独特的生物活性化合物。然而，这种海洋生物可以进行不同的生物学、植物化学、药理学和营养学研究，以找出新药。