Background

Cardiovascular simulations for patients with single ventricles undergoing the Fontan procedure can assess patient-specific hemodynamics, explore surgical advances, and develop personalized strategies for surgery and patient care. These simulations have not yet been broadly accepted as a routine clinical tool owing to a number of limitations. Numerous approaches have been explored to seek innovative solutions for improving methodologies and eliminating these limitations.

Purpose

This article first reviews the current state of cardiovascular simulations of Fontan hemodynamics. Then, it will discuss the technical progress of Fontan simulations with the emphasis of its clinical impact, noting that substantial improvements have been made in the considerations of patient-specific anatomy, flow, and blood rheology. The article concludes with insights into potential future directions involving clinical validation, uncertainty quantification, and computational efficiency. The advancements in these aspects could promote the clinical usage of Fontan simulations, facilitating its integration into routine clinical practice.

中文翻译：

---

Fontan 血流动力学心血管模拟的工程视角：我们在临床应用方面的立场

背景

对接受 Fontan 手术的单心室患者进行心血管模拟可以评估患者特定的血流动力学，探索手术进展，并为手术和患者护理制定个性化策略。由于许多限制，这些模拟尚未被广泛接受为常规临床工具。已经探索了许多方法来寻求创新的解决方案来改进方法和消除这些限制。

目的

本文首先回顾了 Fontan 血流动力学心血管模拟的现状。然后，它将讨论 Fontan 模拟的技术进步及其临床影响，并指出在考虑患者特定的解剖结构、流动和血液流变学方面已经取得了实质性的改进。文章最后深入探讨了涉及临床验证、不确定性量化和计算效率的潜在未来方向。这些方面的进步可以促进 Fontan 模拟的临床使用，促进其融入常规临床实践。