Aging and poor nutrition are independent risk factors for the development of chronic disease. When young animals are given diets high in fat or sugar, they exhibit hallmarks of aging like mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, and also develop a greater risk for age-related disease. The same mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation that progress with aging may also further predispose older individuals to dietary insults by fat and sugar. The purpose of this work is to review the most recent studies that address the impact of fat and sugar consumption on hallmarks of aging (mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation). Findings from these studies show that obesogenic, high-fat diets can exacerbate age-related disease and hallmarks of aging in young animals, but high-fat diets that are non-obesogenic may play a beneficial role in old age. In contrast, high-sugar diets do not require an obesogenic effect to induce mitochondrial dysfunction or inflammation in young rodents. Currently, there is a lack of experimental studies addressing the impact of sugar in the context of aging, even though empirical evidence points to the detrimental effect of sugar in aging by contributing to a variety of age-related diseases.

老龄化和营养不良是慢性病发展的独立危险因素。当给年轻的动物提供高脂肪或高糖的饮食时，它们会表现出衰老的特征，如线粒体功能障碍和炎症，并且也会出现更大的与年龄相关的疾病的风险。随着年龄的增长，同样的线粒体功能障碍和炎症也可能进一步使老年人更容易受到脂肪和糖的饮食损害。这项工作的目的是回顾最近的研究，这些研究解决了脂肪和糖的消耗对衰老特征（线粒体功能障碍和炎症）的影响。这些研究的结果表明，致肥胖的高脂肪饮食会加剧年幼动物的年龄相关疾病和衰老特征，但非致肥胖的高脂肪饮食可能对老年动物有益。相比之下，高糖饮食不需要致肥胖效应来诱导年轻啮齿动物的线粒体功能障碍或炎症。目前，缺乏关于糖对衰老的影响的实验研究，尽管经验证据表明糖通过导致各种与年龄相关的疾病而对衰老产生不利影响。