Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities worldwide, significantly contributing to the economies of many coffee-producing countries. Globally over 2.2 billion cups of coffee are consumed daily with over 400 million of those consumed in the United States alone. The two main cultivated species of coffee are Coffea arabica L. (Arabica coffee) and C. canephora A. Froehner (robusta coffee). The 2020/2021 global production for Arabica coffee has been forecast at 6.1 million tons and at 4.5 million tons for robusta coffee. Demand is predicted to increase in the coming years. In order to meet growing demands for coffee, additional investments in advancing coffee research are needed to deal with challenges posed by climate change and associated impacts such as higher incidence of insect pests and plant pathogens, resulting in lower productivity. To tackle the challenges faced by coffee growers in the United States, a coffee genetic resource conservation and research program has been initiated by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). A coffee genetic resources collection is being established at the USDA-ARS Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center in Hilo, Hawai’i with a back-up collection at the USDA-ARS Tropical Agricultural Research Station in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. To help guide the development of the NPGS coffee genetic resource collection, the present coffee crop vulnerability statement developed by the Coffee and Cacao Crop Germplasm Committee provides background information about the crop, threats to coffee genetic resources, current status of coffee genetic resources and capacities, and projected future needs of coffee research, breeding, and production.

咖啡是世界上最重要的农产品之一，对许多咖啡生产国的经济做出了重大贡献。全球每天消耗超过 22 亿杯咖啡，其中仅在美国就消耗了 4 亿多杯。咖啡的两个主要栽培品种是Coffea arabica L.（阿拉比卡咖啡）和C. canephoraA. Froehner（罗布斯塔咖啡）。预计 2020/2021 年阿拉比卡咖啡的全球产量为 610 万吨，罗布斯塔咖啡的产量为 450 万吨。预计未来几年需求将增加。为了满足对咖啡日益增长的需求，需要在推进咖啡研究方面进行额外投资，以应对气候变化和相关影响带来的挑战，例如虫害和植物病原体的发生率更高，从而导致生产力降低。为了应对美国咖啡种植者面临的挑战，美国农业部农业研究局 (USDA-ARS) 国家植物种质系统 (NPGS) 发起了一项咖啡遗传资源保护和研究计划。位于夏威夷希洛的 USDA-ARS 太平洋盆地农业研究中心正在建立一个咖啡遗传资源收藏，并在波多黎各 Mayagüez 的 USDA-ARS 热带农业研究站建立一个备用收藏。为了帮助指导 NPGS 咖啡遗传资源收集的开发，咖啡和可可作物种质委员会制定的当前咖啡作物脆弱性声明提供了有关作物的背景信息、对咖啡遗传资源的威胁、咖啡遗传资源的现状和能力，并预计未来咖啡研究、育种和生产的需求。