Evacuation systems in buildings are frequently assessed to improve emergency response processes. This paper proposes a method to evaluate the performance of different evacuation modes, and determine a rational mode for large railway stations. We developed a simulation for the evaluation of fire safety in large buildings based on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. This approach includes AHP-based exploration and simulation-based refinement. We considered a typical railway station for validation, conducted a field survey to collect the data, and calculated the influencing factors based on expert opinion. The influencing factors were further processed based on the principles of a hierarchical model. The relative weights of the influencing factors were calculated through a series of pairwise comparisons using the AHP. Further, we applied factor refinement based on the evacuation simulations to determine the degree and status of influence of each factor. The influence of external factors was generally stronger than that of the internal factors. Among them, the building component characteristics and people’s physiological capabilities were the core of the evacuation assessment in large railway stations. Additionally, the exit width, seat layout, visibility, speed, and reaction capabilities were crucial to the evacuation process. The proposed method is practical as it demands limited computations to provide useful information, such as a priority ranking of each influencing factor, for the evaluation process.

经常对建筑物中的疏散系统进行评估，以改进应急响应过程。本文提出了一种评估不同疏散模式性能的方法，并为大型火车站确定了一种合理的疏散模式。我们开发了一种基于层次分析法 (AHP) 的大型建筑物消防安全评估模拟。这种方法包括基于层次分析法的探索和基于模拟的细化。我们考虑了一个典型的火车站进行验证，进行了实地调查收集数据，并根据专家意见计算了影响因素。根据层次模型的原理对影响因素进行进一步处理。影响因素的相对权重是通过一系列使用层次分析法的成对比较来计算的。更多，我们应用基于疏散模拟的因素细化来确定每个因素的影响程度和状态。外部因素的影响总体上强于内部因素。其中，建筑构件特性和人的生理能力是大型火车站疏散评估的核心。此外，出口宽度、座位布局、能见度、速度和反应能力对疏散过程至关重要。所提出的方法是实用的，因为它需要有限的计算来为评估过程提供有用的信息，例如每个影响因素的优先级排序。外部因素的影响总体上强于内部因素。其中，建筑构件特性和人的生理能力是大型火车站疏散评估的核心。此外，出口宽度、座位布局、能见度、速度和反应能力对疏散过程至关重要。所提出的方法是实用的，因为它需要有限的计算来为评估过程提供有用的信息，例如每个影响因素的优先级排序。外部因素的影响总体上强于内部因素。其中，建筑构件特性和人的生理能力是大型火车站疏散评估的核心。此外，出口宽度、座位布局、能见度、速度和反应能力对疏散过程至关重要。所提出的方法是实用的，因为它需要有限的计算来为评估过程提供有用的信息，例如每个影响因素的优先级排序。和反应能力对疏散过程至关重要。所提出的方法是实用的，因为它需要有限的计算来为评估过程提供有用的信息，例如每个影响因素的优先级排序。和反应能力对疏散过程至关重要。所提出的方法是实用的，因为它需要有限的计算来为评估过程提供有用的信息，例如每个影响因素的优先级排序。