Liver regeneration is a complex process involving the crosstalk of multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. The healthy liver is mitotically quiescent, but following toxic damage or resection the cells can rapidly enter the cell cycle to restore liver mass and function. During this process of regeneration, epithelial and non-parenchymal cells respond in a tightly coordinated fashion. Recent studies have described the interaction between inflammatory cells and a number of other cell types in the liver. In particular, macrophages can support biliary regeneration, contribute to fibrosis remodelling by repressing hepatic stellate cell activation and improve liver regeneration by scavenging dead or dying cells in situ. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms of tissue repair following damage, highlighting the close relationship between inflammation and liver regeneration, and discuss how recent findings can help design novel therapeutic approaches.

肝再生是一个复杂的过程，涉及多种细胞类型的相互作用，包括肝细胞、肝星状细胞、内皮细胞和炎症细胞。健康的肝脏是有丝分裂静止的，但在毒性损伤或切除后，细胞可以迅速进入细胞周期以恢复肝脏质量和功能。在此再生过程中，上皮细胞和非实质细胞以紧密协调的方式做出反应。最近的研究描述了炎症细胞与肝脏中许多其他细胞类型之间的相互作用。特别是，巨噬细胞可以支持胆道再生，通过抑制肝星状细胞活化促进纤维化重塑，并通过原位清除死亡或垂死细胞来促进肝再生。在这篇评论中，