Abstract

The research encompasses on a comparative study of biodegradable membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), starch (St), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for food packaging application. Four different concentrations, i.e., 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg, of GO and rGO were incorporated in membranes using in situ and ex situ reduction technique. The aim was to enhance the antibacterial and mechanical properties of PVA/St membranes. PVA/St membranes having 20 mg of in situ reduced graphene oxide (PVA/St/IrGO20) exhibited an exceptional tensile strength of 22.719 MPa and outstanding antibacterial activity, i.e., 38.89 ± 0.23 mm and 37.52 ± 0.41 mm, against Escherichia coli and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The membranes were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM results revealed the dense morphology for all membranes. FTIR results displayed the successful synthesis of GO, rGO and nanocomposite membranes. The TGA showed that IrGO membranes were more stable as compared to neat and graphene oxide membranes. Moreover, the membranes degraded completely after being buried in the soil. Among all the synthesized membranes, PVA/St/IrGO20 and PVA/St/XrGO10 (PVA/St containing 10 mg ex situ reduced GO) exhibited excellent barrier against water vapor and oxygen transmission. Therefore, they prolonged the shelf life of packed gooseberries as compared to all formulated membranes.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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用于包装应用的碳基纳米复合膜的制备和表征

摘要

该研究包括基于聚乙烯醇 (PVA)、淀粉 (St)、氧化石墨烯 (GO) 和还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO) 的可生物降解膜的比较研究，用于食品包装应用。使用原位和非原位还原技术将四种不同浓度，即 10、20、30 和 40 毫克的 GO 和 rGO 结合到膜中。目的是提高 PVA/St 膜的抗菌和机械性能。含有 20 mg 原位还原氧化石墨烯 (PVA/St/IrGO20) 的 PVA/St 膜表现出优异的 22.719 MPa 拉伸强度和出色的抗菌活性，即 38.89 ± 0.23 mm 和 37.52 ± 0.41 mm，对大肠杆菌和甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌， 分别。还通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和热重分析 (TGA) 对膜进行了分析。SEM 结果揭示了所有膜的致密形态。FTIR 结果显示成功合成了 GO、rGO 和纳米复合膜。TGA 表明，与纯膜和氧化石墨烯膜相比，IrGO 膜更稳定。此外，膜在埋入土壤后完全降解。在所有合成的膜中，PVA/St/IrGO20 和 PVA/St/XrGO10（PVA/St 含有 10 mg 非原位还原的 GO）表现出优异的水蒸气和氧气透过屏障。因此，与所有配方膜相比，它们延长了包装醋栗的保质期。

图形摘要