Abstract

We present evolutionary models of primary stars with initial masses in the range of 30 to 40 \(\mathrm M_{\odot }\), evolving in massive binary systems, possible progenitors of gravitational wave sources. The binary systems have an initial mass ratio of 0.9, an initial orbital period of 3 days and an accretion efficiency of 10%. The evolution of the primary stars in those systems is followed from the main sequence to the formation of the carbon-oxygen core. In addition, the evolution of two primaries with the lowest initial masses is calculated to the iron core formation. The masses of the helium and carbon-oxygen cores formed in primary stars are compared with the masses of cores formed in single stars with the same initial masses. The initial mass limit for the black hole formation for this selected type of massive binaries is established between 32 and 34 \(\mathrm M_{\odot }\). All models are calculated with the MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) numerical code.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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大质量紧密双星系统中初级恒星（30-40 $$\mathrm M_{\odot }$$ M ⊙ ）的演化

摘要

我们提出了初始质量在 30 到 40 范围内的初级恒星的演化模型\(\mathrm M_{\odot }\)，在大规模的二元系统中演化，可能是引力波源的祖先。双星系统的初始质量比为 0.9，初始轨道周期为 3 天，吸积效率为 10%。从这些主要序列到碳氧核的形成，都遵循了这些系统中原恒星的演化过程。此外，计算具有最低初始质量的两个初级的演化到铁核的形成。将初级恒星中形成的氦和碳氧核心的质量与具有相同初始质量的单颗恒星中形成的核心质量进行比较。对于这种选定类型的大质量双星，黑洞形成的初始质量限制建立在 32 和 34 之间\(\mathrm M_{\odot }\). 所有模型均使用 MESA（恒星天体物理学实验模块）数字代码计算。

图形摘要