Three mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41, MSN and BMMs) possessing different morphologies but similar hexagonal arranged mesopores with almost the same pore size (2–3 nm) were functionalized by Zn and [1-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl-3-methylimidazolium] ionic liquid (ILs) via post-grafting treatment. The ILs grafted mesoporous silicas were then characterized by porosity, microscopy and SAXS techniques, and the successful loading of Zn and ILs, as well as the different distribution of functional groups in different supports were shown. Furthermore, the cycloaddition reaction of CO₂ with epoxide was employed to evaluate the influences of the ILs distribution, which was proved to be caused mainly by varying morphologies of different supports. All the catalysts showed good catalytic activities. Interestingly, at low temperature, the inter particle supported ILs in BMMs had the highest catalytic efficiency, while the aggregation grafting ILs on MCM-41 present the lowest activity. However, the mesoporous silicas with ordered arranged nanopores present the superiority at higher temperature. The results highlight the crucial role played by the morphology of the supports.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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离子液体接枝介孔二氧化硅，用于将CO2化学固定为环状碳酸酯：形貌效应

三种介孔二氧化硅材料（MCM-41，MSN和BMM）具有不同的形貌，但具有相似的六边形排列的中孔，具有几乎相同的孔径（2-3 nm），并被Zn和[1-（三甲氧基甲硅烷基）丙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓]官能化。离子液体（ILs）通过接枝后处理。然后通过孔隙率，显微镜和SAXS技术表征了ILs接枝的介孔二氧化硅，并显示了Zn和ILs的成功负载，以及官能团在不同载体中的不同分布。此外，CO ₂的环加成反应用环氧化物进行了评价ILs分布的影响，这被证明主要是由不同载体的形态变化引起的。所有催化剂均显示出良好的催化活性。有趣的是，在低温下，BMM中颗粒间负载的IL具有最高的催化效率，而MCM-41上的聚集接枝IL则具有最低的活性。但是，具有排列有序的纳米孔的中孔二氧化硅在较高温度下具有优越性。结果突出了支撑物的形态所起的关键作用。

图形概要