Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most common sites for biliary tract cancers. It has a worldwide distribution being endemic in South America and Southern Asia. These high GBC rates have previously been linked to the determinants of health such as nutrition, genetics, lifestyle, and environment. Exposure to aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a human carcinogen, is suggested to be involved with GBC development. This work aims to analyse the interplay of social, lifestyle, and genetic predisposing factors to GBC. AFB₁ plays a pivotal role in carcinogenic onset by genetic and epigenetic modifications. AFB₁ can induce molecular changes involved in the GBC pathogenesis, such as overexpression of UCHL1 gene, mutagenesis of TP53 gene, abnormal expression of oncogenes BCL-2, and aberrantly methylation of ERBB family receptors. However, a large-scale scientific cooperation is needed to confirm these molecular links through which AFB₁ may increase the GBC risk. For that, monitoring AFB₁ exposure through AF-albumin and AFB1-lysine will clarify the level of exposure of the population to AFB₁ in the GBC hotspot. Further, analyses of AFB1-adduct concentrations in GBC cases (fatal and non-fatal) are needed to understanding if AF contamination can trigger gallbladder cancer.

胆囊癌 (GBC) 是胆道癌最常见的部位之一。它在全球分布，在南美洲和南亚流行。此前，这些高 GBC 率与营养、遗传、生活方式和环境等健康决定因素有关。黄曲霉毒素 B ₁ (AFB ₁ )，一种人类致癌物，被认为与 GBC 的发展有关。这项工作旨在分析 GBC 的社会、生活方式和遗传易感因素之间的相互作用。AFB ₁在通过遗传和表观遗传修饰引起的致癌作用中起关键作用。空军基地₁可诱导参与 GBC 发病机制的分子变化，如 UCHL1 基因的过表达、TP53 基因的突变、癌基因 BCL-2 的异常表达和 ERBB 家族受体的异常甲基化。然而，需要大规模的科学合作来确认这些分子联系，AFB ₁可能通过这些联系增加 GBC 风险。为此，通过 AF-白蛋白和 AFB1-赖氨酸监测 AFB ₁暴露将阐明人群在 GBC 热点中暴露于 AFB ₁的水平。此外，需要对 GBC 病例（致命和非致命）中的 AFB1 加合物浓度进行分析，以了解 AF 污染是否会引发胆囊癌。