Wound exudate holds great clinical and research potential in wound repair via paracrine signaling. In essence, exudate is modified serum that contains a high concentration of exosomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum-derived exosomes in scald wound healing of NIH mice skin and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Hence, we constructed a deep second-degree scald model in NIH mice, testing the benefits of exosomes in the scald wound healing. The scratch wound assay, apoptosis assay and MTT assay were conducted to assess the effects of serum-derived exosomes on migration, apoptosis and proliferation of HaCaT cells and fibroblasts. Our results showed that serum-derived exosomes injected subcutaneously entered cells and effectively accelerated wound healing processes in mice. Additionally, serum-derived exosomes optimized functions of cells related to skin injury repair by stimulating fibroblast proliferation, promoting HaCaT cell migration, and suppressing apoptosis of HaCaT cells induced by heat stress. Further study revealed that serum-derived exosomes enhanced phosphorylation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt in scalded skin tissue. These results suggest a potential clinical use of serum-derived exosomes for treating skin scald.

伤口渗出物在通过旁分泌信号修复伤口方面具有巨大的临床和研究潜力。本质上，渗出液是含有高浓度外泌体的修饰血清。本研究的目的是研究血清来源的外泌体在 NIH 小鼠皮肤烫伤愈合中的作用并探讨其潜在机制。因此，我们在 NIH 小鼠中构建了深二度烫伤模型，测试外泌体在烫伤创面愈合中的作用。通过划痕实验、细胞凋亡实验和MTT实验评估血清来源的外泌体对HaCaT细胞和成纤维细胞迁移、凋亡和增殖的影响。我们的结果表明，皮下注射的血清来源的外泌体进入细胞并有效加速小鼠的伤口愈合过程。此外，血清来源的外泌体通过刺激成纤维细胞增殖、促进HaCaT细胞迁移和抑制热应激诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡来优化与皮肤损伤修复相关的细胞功能。进一步的研究表明，血清来源的外泌体增强了烫伤皮肤组织中丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶 Akt 的磷酸化。这些结果表明血清来源的外泌体在治疗皮肤烫伤方面具有潜在的临床用途。