Analyzing the economic value of the damage to human health caused by environmental risks has become an essential research focus, given the increasing necessity for effective decision-making. Since logical and rational analyses such as cost–benefit and cost–utility analyses will likely gain importance in future policymaking, the evaluation of economic costs becomes necessary. Among the various types of air pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM) is reported as closely related to mortality. To reduce result uncertainty by improving the methodology of risk assessment or the economic evaluation of fine PM, risk control measures are required for high-priority areas. This study addresses this issue by estimating the relative risk of PM_2.5 while calculating the economic loss cost arising from acute death due to fine PM exposure in Seoul, Korea. The value of statistical life of one person’s willingness to pay for mortality risk reduction is calculated to estimate the economic loss cost at each current level of exposure. The estimated economic loss cost due to all-cause mortality during 2016–2018 totaled approximately USD 1307.9 million per year; the costs of loss from respiratory and cardiovascular mortalities were USD 128.1 million per year and USD 426.9 million, respectively. Based on these results, this study concludes that the standards for PM_2.5 are more effective than the ones established for PM₁₀ in terms of economic value.

鉴于有效决策的必要性越来越高，分析环境风险对人类健康造成的损害的经济价值已成为一个重要的研究重点。由于逻辑和理性的分析，如成本-收益和成本-效用分析，在未来的决策中可能会变得越来越重要，因此对经济成本的评估变得必要。在各种类型的空气污染物中，细颗粒物 (PM) 被报告为与死亡率密切相关。为了通过改进风险评估方法或精细 PM 的经济评估来降低结果的不确定性，需要对高优先级区域采取风险控制措施。本研究通过估计 PM _2.5的相对风险来解决这个问题同时计算韩国首尔因暴露于细颗粒物而导致急性死亡的经济损失成本。计算一个人为降低死亡风险而愿意支付的统计寿命值，以估计当前每个暴露水平下的经济损失成本。2016-2018 年全因死亡造成的估计经济损失成本总计约为每年 13.079 亿美元；呼吸系统和心血管死亡造成的损失成本分别为每年 1.281 亿美元和 4.269 亿美元。基于这些结果，本研究得出结论，就经济价值而言，PM _2.5的标准比为 PM ₁₀制定的标准更有效。