Osteoporosis is very common in middle-aged and elderly people, and its main feature is a disease characterized by bone mass reduction and bone microstructure changes, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the risk of fracture. This is a disease affected by many factors and is more common in postmenopausal women. Currently, the treatment of osteoporosis is mainly to prevent bone resorption and reduce the risk of fracture; a variety of drugs have been used in the treatment of osteoporosis and achieved good results. In recent years, with the in-depth study of intestinal microorganisms, a strong impact of intestinal microflora on bone metabolism in terms of immunity has been reported. It can be observed in mouse-based models, which indicates that intestinal flora may be a potential new target for changing bone mineral density (BMD). Therefore, the intestinal flora is a complex system that affects and regulates the absorption of calcium and vitamin D. It affects the permeability of the intestine through its own secretion of related influencing factors and its own activities, and further affects the secretion of human hormones and immune response. Besides that, T helper cells, lymphocytes, TNF, IL-17, and the RANKL system play a key role. The impact of probiotics and prebiotics on humans is controversial due to the scarcity of research data. However, many studies have shown that the role of probiotics in different animals varies with gender, age and hormone secretion. Changes in the intestinal flora are closely related to osteopenia and/or osteoporosis. Changing its composition and activity may be a reliable strategy for altering bone quality, although further clinical studies are needed to determine the correct human method.

骨质疏松症在中老年人群中非常普遍，其主要特征是骨量减少和骨微结构改变，伴随骨折风险相应增加的疾病。这是一种受多种因素影响的疾病，在绝经后妇女中更为常见。目前，骨质疏松症的治疗主要是防止骨吸收，降低骨折风险；多种药物已被用于治疗骨质疏松症并取得了良好的效果。近年来，随着对肠道微生物研究的深入，有报道称肠道菌群在免疫方面对骨代谢有很强的影响。它可以在基于小鼠的模型中观察到，这表明肠道菌群可能是改变骨矿物质密度 (BMD) 的潜在新目标。所以，肠道菌群是影响和调节钙和维生素D吸收的复杂系统，它通过自身分泌相关影响因子和自身活动来影响肠道通透性，进而影响人体激素的分泌和免疫反应。 . 除此之外，T 辅助细胞、淋巴细胞、TNF、IL-17 和 RANKL 系统也起着关键作用。由于研究数据的稀缺，益生菌和益生元对人类的影响存在争议。然而，许多研究表明，益生菌在不同动物中的作用因性别、年龄和激素分泌而异。肠道菌群的变化与骨质减少和/或骨质疏松症密切相关。改变其成分和活性可能是改变骨质量的可靠策略，