This study investigates distribution, pollution indices, and potential risk assessment for human health and ecology of eight heavy metals in twenty-five street dust samples collected from metropolitan area—Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Results showed that Zn was of the highest concentration (466.4 ± 236.5 mg/kg), followed by Mn (393.9 ± 93.2 mg/kg), Cu (153.7 ± 64.7 mg/kg), Cr (102.4 ± 50.5 mg/kg), Pb (49.6 ± 21.4 mg/kg), Ni (36.2 ± 15.4 mg/kg), Co (7.9 ± 1.9 mg/kg), and Cd (0.5 ± 0.5 mg/kg). The principal component analysis revealed that three sources of heavy metals measured in street dust include vehicular activities (32.38%), mixed source of vehicular and residential activities (26.72%), and mixture of industrial and natural sources (20.23%). The geo-accumulation index values showed levels of non-pollution to moderately pollution for Mn and Co; moderately pollution for Ni; moderately to strongly pollution for Cd, Cr, and Pb; and strongly pollution for Cu and Zn. The potential ecological risk values of all sampling sites were close to the high-risk category. Zn (28.9%), Cu (25.4%), and Mn (24.4%) dominantly contributed to the ecological risk. For non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard quotient values for both children and adults were within a safety level. For carcinogenic risk, the TCR_Children was about 3 times higher than TCR_Adults, but still within a tolerable limit (1 × 10⁻⁶ to 1 × 10⁻⁴) of cancer risk. Cr was a major contribution to potential risks in humans. Such studies on heavy metal in street dust are crucial but are still limited in Vietnam/or metropolitan area in Southeast Asia. Therefore, this study can fill the information gap about heavy metal contaminated street dust in a metropolitan area of Vietnam.

本研究调查了从越南胡志明市大都市区收集的 25 个街道灰尘样本中 8 种重金属的分布、污染指数和对人类健康和生态的潜在风险评估。结果表明，Zn的浓度最高（466.4±236.5mg/kg），其次是Mn（393.9±93.2mg/kg）、Cu（153.7±64.7mg/kg）、Cr（102.4±50.5mg/kg）、 Pb (49.6 ± 21.4 mg/kg)、Ni (36.2 ± 15.4 mg/kg)、Co (7.9 ± 1.9 mg/kg) 和 Cd (0.5 ± 0.5 mg/kg)。主成分分析显示，街道灰尘中重金属的三种来源包括：机动车活动（32.38%）、机动车与居民活动混合源（26.72%）、工业与自然混合源（20.23%）。地积累指数值显示锰和钴为无污染至中度污染；Ni中度污染；对 Cd、Cr 和 Pb 中度至重度污染；对铜、锌污染严重。所有采样点的潜在生态风险值均接近高风险类别。Zn (28.9%)、Cu (25.4%) 和 Mn (24.4%) 对生态风险有主要贡献。对于非致癌风险，儿童和成人的危害商值都在安全水平之内。对于致癌风险，TCR_儿童比 TCR_成人高约 3 倍，但仍处于癌症风险的可容忍限度（1 × 10 ^-6至 1 × 10 ^-4）内。Cr 是对人类潜在风险的主要贡献。此类对街道灰尘中重金属的研究至关重要，但在越南/或东南亚的大都市区仍然有限。因此，本研究可以填补越南大都市区重金属污染街道灰尘的信息空白。