Abstract

Amoxicillin (AMX) is an antibiotic that has been added to the watch list of substances by the European Union, through the Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and its daughter regulation (Decision 2018/840) for which monitoring data have to be gathered with a possibility for future regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that this antibiotic generates toxic effects, among which oxidative stress in aquatic organisms is noteworthy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on embryonic development and the teratogenic effects induced by AMX at environmentally relevant concentrations in oocytes and embryos of Danio rerio. Furthermore, oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated at 72 and 96 hpf. The LC₅₀ was 14.192 μgL⁻¹, EC₅₀ was 7.083 μgL⁻¹, and TI was 2.003. Biomarkers of cellular oxidation and antioxidant enzymes were modified in a concentration-dependent way with respect to the control group (p<0.05). The main malformations identified were tail malformation, pericardial edema, yolk sac malformation, scoliosis, pectoral fin absence, and no hatching. The results allow us to conclude that AMX at environmentally relevant concentrations is capable of inducing embryotoxic and teratogenic effects and oxidative damage. This compound represents a risk to aquatic organisms such as Danio rerio.

Clinical Trials Registration

Not applicable.

中文翻译：

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使用斑马鱼胚胎毒性试验（ZET）在环境相关浓度下阿莫西林的发育效应

摘要

欧盟已通过《水框架指令》（WFD; 2000/60 / EC）及其子法规（第2018/840号决定）将阿莫西林（AMX）抗生素添加到物质监视清单中，该监测数据必须收集，以备将来监管之用。先前的研究表明，这种抗生素会产生毒性作用，其中值得注意的是水生生物中的氧化应激。本研究的目的是评估环境相关浓度的AMX对Danio rerio卵母细胞和胚胎的胚胎发育和致畸作用的影响。此外，在72和96hpf下评估了氧化应激生物标志物。LC ₅₀为14.192μgL ^-1，EC ₅₀为7.083μgL- ¹，且TI为2.003。相对于对照组，细胞氧化和抗氧化酶的生物标志物以浓度依赖的方式被修饰（p <0.05）。确定的主要畸形是尾巴畸形，心包水肿，卵黄囊畸形，脊柱侧弯，胸鳍缺失和没有孵化。结果使我们得出结论，与环境有关的浓度的AMX能够诱导胚胎毒性和致畸作用以及氧化损伤。这种化合物代表着对水生生物（如Danio rerio）的危害。

临床试验注册

不适用。