Soil moisture, vegetation cover, and land surface temperature are vital variables in water-energy balance, eco-hydrological processes, and water resources management, which can be influenced by watershed management activities. This research focused on the spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture, vegetation cover, land surface temperature, and Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) under a biological watershed management practice in the Taleghan paired watershed, namely, treated (TW) and control watersheds (CW), in Alborz province, Iran. In this research, along with the remote sensing techniques, the soil moisture and vegetation cover data were measured and statistically analyzed in the three aspects of both TW and CW during a growth period from May to October 2017. The results indicated that soil moisture, vegetation cover, and land surface temperature values in the paired watershed were significantly different at the 0.01 level during the study period. The increased vegetation cover in the TW had an inverse effect on the land surface temperature and TVDI, while directly impacted the soil moisture content. The average TVDI in the CW was 0.83, while this index was found to be 0.69 in the TW. Unlike the vegetation cover and soil moisture, the results revealed that the southern aspects had the highest TVDI and land surface temperature compared to the northern and eastern aspects of both watersheds. However, the increased vegetation cover as a biological watershed management activity in the steep terrain and mountainous areas of TW led to an increased soil moisture and a decreased land surface temperature and soil dryness. As a result, decreasing soil dryness in the TW can exert vital controls on the water resources and increasing water availability. In the arid and semiarid countries such as Iran, a proper watershed management activity can effectively increase soil moisture and water availability in the watersheds. In particular, the vegetation cover protection and biological practices can be considered as practical solutions in the rehabilitation of exhausted watersheds in arid and semiarid environments.

土壤水分，植被覆盖和地表温度是水能平衡，生态水文过程和水资源管理中的重要变量，而分水岭管理活动可能会影响这些变量。这项研究的重点是在Taleghan成对流域（处理后流域和控制流域）的生物流域管理实践下，土壤水分，植被覆盖，地表温度和温度-植被干燥指数（TVDI）的时空变化。 （CW），位于伊朗阿尔伯兹省。在这项研究中，结合遥感技术，在TW和CW的三个方面（从2017年5月到10月），对土壤水分和植被覆盖数据进行了测量和统计分析。结果表明，土壤水分，植被覆盖，在研究期间，成对流域的地表温度值在0.01的水平上有显着差异。TW中植被的增加对地表温度和TVDI有反作用，而直接影响土壤水分。CW中的平均TVDI为0.83，而TW中的该指数为0.69。结果表明，与植被覆盖和土壤水分不同，与两个流域的北部和东部地区相比，南部地区的TVDI和地表温度最高。然而，在TW的陡峭地形和山区，增加的植被覆盖作为生物流域管理活动，导致土壤湿度增加，土地表面温度和土壤干燥度降低。因此，TW上土壤干旱的减少可以对水资源进行重要控制，并增加水的可利用性。在诸如伊朗这样的干旱和半干旱国家，适当的流域管理活动可以有效地增加流域的土壤水分和水的利用率。特别是，在干旱和半干旱环境中，植被覆盖保护和生物措施可被视为恢复枯竭流域的实用解决方案。