Quantum Computing is an emerging technology that can perform high intensive computing tasks which are needed in different areas such as data search from high volume data repository, prime factorization, number theory, cybersecurity, polynomial evaluation, interpolation, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence and many more applications. Any computational problem that can be solved by classical computer can also be solved by the quantum computer in more efficient manner. Out of all these problem domains the quantum computing is closely associated with network security in which key distribution and management are two main applications found to be implemented in various capacities. This paper explains a concise overview of the basic elements of Quantum Computing, its fundamentals, and various key distribution schemes based on Quantum Computing. Additionally, this article also touches upon the applications of quantum computing in computational engineering.

量子计算是一种新兴技术，可以执行不同领域所需的高强度计算任务，例如从大量数据存储库中进行数据搜索，素因数分解，数论，网络安全，多项式评估，插值，机器学习，人工智能等等应用程序。可以由经典计算机解决的任何计算问题也可以由量子计算机以更有效的方式解决。在所有这些问题领域中，量子计算与网络安全性密切相关，其中密钥分发和管理是发现以各种能力实现的两个主要应用程序。本文简要概述了量子计算的基本元素，其基本原理以及基于量子计算的各种密钥分配方案。