Abstract

The fundamentals, experimental possibilities, and applications of the methods of neutron radiography and tomography in studies of the structural features of large objects in various fields are reviewed. The main principles of neutron imaging are considered. Specialized experimental stations at the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research are described, and their main parameters are presented. The experimental capabilities of these neutron facilities, including methodological approaches to variation of the neutron radiographic contrast with neutron energy dispersion, are described. A detailed review of the scientific results obtained on neutron radiography and tomography facilities is presented; these results concern engineering and technological objects, internal structure of meteorites, paleontological samples, and cultural heritage objects.

中文翻译：

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研究物体内部结构的中子射线照相和断层扫描的现代方法

摘要

综述了中子射线照相和层析成像方法在研究各个领域大物体结构特征方面的基础，实验可能性及其应用。考虑了中子成像的主要原理。介绍了国家研究中心“库尔恰托夫研究所”和联合核研究所的专门实验站，并介绍了其主要参数。描述了这些中子设施的实验能力，包括改变中子射线照相反差随中子能量色散的方法学方法。介绍了对在中子射线照相和断层摄影设备上获得的科学结果的详细回顾；这些结果涉及工程和技术对象，陨石的内部结构，