Abstract

The occurrence of Alternaria and Fusarium fungi in wheat and barley grain obtained from the Ural Region was analyzed. The DNA content of fungi belonging to two sections of the genus Alternaria, and four species of the genus Fusarium, which are prevailing in the grain mycobiota, was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Differences in the occurrence and abundance of fungal biomass in the grain of two cereals were found. The DNA content of Alternaria fungi of the section Infectoriae, as well as F. graminearum DNA and F. sporotrichioides DNA in wheat grain was significantly higher than in barley grain. On the contrary, the DNA of F. avenaceum and DNA of F. poae were more often detected in barley grain. The current information obtained by the HPLC–MS/MS method on grain contamination with mycotoxins that revealed data on both regulated and emerging toxic metabolites was presented. The diversity of fungal secondary metabolites in wheat grain included 13 mycotoxins and was higher, than in barley. Of the 23 analyzed mycotoxins, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid, HT-2 toxin, and beauvericin were detected more often than others. Statistically significant positive correlations between Alternaria and Fusarium fungi and their mycotoxins were established, that indicate the mutual adaptation of these organisms to each other in the grain mycobiota.

中文翻译：

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小粒谷物与链格孢菌和镰刀菌真菌代谢产物的共存

摘要

分析了从乌拉尔地区获得的小麦和大麦籽粒中链霉菌和镰刀菌的发生情况。通过定量PCR分析了谷物分枝杆菌中常见的链格孢属两个部分的真菌和镰刀菌属的四个物种的DNA含量。发现两种谷物的谷物中真菌生物量的发生和丰度存在差异。的DNA含量孢的部分的真菌Infectoriae，以及禾谷镰刀菌的DNA和F. sporotrichioides小麦籽粒DNA是显著比大麦谷粒更高。相反，DNA的DNAF. avenaceum和DNA F. poae更经常在大麦谷粒检测。提出了通过HPLC-MS / MS方法获得的有关霉菌毒素污染谷物的最新信息，该数据揭示了受管制和新兴的有毒代谢产物的数据。小麦籽粒中真菌次生代谢产物的多样性包括13种霉菌毒素，高于大麦。在23种经分析的霉菌毒素中，与其他毒素相比，经常检测到腱毒素，tenuazonic酸，HT-2毒素和beauvericin。在链格孢属和镰刀菌真菌及其霉菌毒素之间建立了统计学上显着的正相关性，表明这些生物在谷物分枝杆菌中相互适应。