Abstract
The occurrence of Alternaria and Fusarium fungi in wheat and barley grain obtained from the Ural Region was analyzed. The DNA content of fungi belonging to two sections of the genus Alternaria, and four species of the genus Fusarium, which are prevailing in the grain mycobiota, was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Differences in the occurrence and abundance of fungal biomass in the grain of two cereals were found. The DNA content of Alternaria fungi of the section Infectoriae, as well as F. graminearum DNA and F. sporotrichioides DNA in wheat grain was significantly higher than in barley grain. On the contrary, the DNA of F. avenaceum and DNA of F. poae were more often detected in barley grain. The current information obtained by the HPLC–MS/MS method on grain contamination with mycotoxins that revealed data on both regulated and emerging toxic metabolites was presented. The diversity of fungal secondary metabolites in wheat grain included 13 mycotoxins and was higher, than in barley. Of the 23 analyzed mycotoxins, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid, HT-2 toxin, and beauvericin were detected more often than others. Statistically significant positive correlations between Alternaria and Fusarium fungi and their mycotoxins were established, that indicate the mutual adaptation of these organisms to each other in the grain mycobiota.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to the managers of the Russian Branches of Syngenta and Bayer Crop Science for their help with the grain samples collection.
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-76-30005).
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The study was carried out without the use of animals and without the involvement of people as subjects.
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Gavrilova, O.P., Orina, A.S., Gogina, N.N. et al. Co-occurrence of the Metabolites of Alternaria and Fusarium Fungi Associated with Small-Grain Cereals. Russ. Agricult. Sci. 47, 37–41 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367421010079
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367421010079