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Asymmetric development of the Himalaya: quantitative evidence from strain analysis in Kimin-Ziro-Tamen area, Arunachal Lesser Himalaya, India
International Journal of Earth Sciences ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s00531-021-02027-7
Gaurav Joshi , Amar Agarwal , K. K. Agarwal , P. V. Singh , Sushmita Singh

The eastern segment of the Himalaya makes a quarter of the mountain belt. While its plate tectonic setting is well understood, the intensity of deformation along the thrusts is not well constrained. This knowledge gap has restricted a quantitative comparison of deformation and crustal shortening in the Eastern Lesser Himalaya with the Central and Western Lesser Himalaya. In this study field evidence, together with microstructural investigations, and two-dimensional (2D) finite strain analysis are used to decipher the deformation pattern in the Kimin-Ziro-Tamen area of the Eastern Lesser Himalaya. Present investigations reveal that micro-to-outcrop-scale structures such as plastically deformed quartz grains, crenulation cleavages, S-C fabric, pull-apart grains, pinch-n-swell structures, boudins and faults confirm that the rocks have been subjected to ductile and brittle-ductile phases of deformation with a regional top-to-south shear sense. The 2D finite strain estimated here is comparable to that in other parts of Eastern Lesser Himalaya, such as the Sikkim and Bhutan Himalaya. However, the strain estimated here is higher than in the Central and Western Lesser Himalaya, such as in the Central Nepal Himalaya, Almora Crystalline Zone, the Garhwal Lesser Himalaya and the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis in Pakistan. This provides quantitative proofs of greater deformation and crustal shortening in the Eastern Lesser Himalaya than the Central and Western Himalaya, and of the asymmetric development of Himalaya.



中文翻译:

喜马拉雅山的不对称发展:印度阿鲁纳恰尔小喜马拉雅山的基米-兹罗-塔门地区的应变分析得到的定量证据

喜马拉雅山脉的东部地区占山脉的四分之一。虽然很好地了解了其板块构造背景,但沿推力的变形强度却没有得到很好的限制。这种知识鸿沟限制了东部小喜马拉雅山与中部和西部小喜马拉雅山的形变和地壳缩短的定量比较。在这项研究中,野外证据以及微观结构研究和二维(2D)有限应变分析被用于破译东部小喜马拉雅山脉的基米-兹罗-塔曼地区的变形模式。目前的调查表明,微观到露头的结构,例如塑性变形的石英颗粒,锯齿状开裂,SC织物,拉开的颗粒,夹缩n膨胀结构,布丁和断层证实了岩石已经经历了韧性和脆性-延性变形阶段,具有区域性的自上而下的剪切力。此处估算的2D有限应变与东部小喜马拉雅地区的其他地区相当,例如锡金和不丹喜马拉雅。但是,此处估计的应变高于中部和西部小喜马拉雅山,例如尼泊尔中部的喜马拉雅山,阿尔莫拉结晶带,加尔瓦尔小喜马拉雅山和巴基斯坦的哈扎拉—克什米尔综合征。这提供了定量的证据,表明小喜马拉雅东部的中部变形和地壳缩短大于喜马拉雅中部和西部,以及喜马拉雅山的不对称发展。此处估算的2D有限应变与东部小喜马拉雅地区的其他地区相当,例如锡金和不丹喜马拉雅。但是,此处估计的应变高于中部和西部小喜马拉雅山,例如尼泊尔中部的喜马拉雅山,阿尔莫拉结晶带,加尔瓦尔小喜马拉雅山和巴基斯坦的哈扎拉—克什米尔综合征。这提供了定量的证据,表明小喜马拉雅东部的中部变形和地壳缩短大于喜马拉雅中部和西部,以及喜马拉雅山的不对称发展。此处估算的2D有限应变与东部小喜马拉雅地区的其他地区相当,例如锡金和不丹喜马拉雅。但是,此处估计的应变高于中部和西部小喜马拉雅山,例如尼泊尔中部的喜马拉雅山,阿尔莫拉结晶带,加尔瓦尔小喜马拉雅山和巴基斯坦的哈扎拉—克什米尔综合征。这提供了定量的证据,表明小喜马拉雅东部的中部变形和地壳缩短大于喜马拉雅中部和西部,以及喜马拉雅山的不对称发展。巴基斯坦的Garhwal小喜马拉雅山和Hazara-Kashmir综合征。这提供了定量的证据,表明小喜马拉雅东部的中部变形和地壳缩短大于喜马拉雅中部和西部,以及喜马拉雅山的不对称发展。巴基斯坦的Garhwal小喜马拉雅山和Hazara-Kashmir综合征。这提供了定量的证据,表明小喜马拉雅东部的中部变形和地壳缩短大于喜马拉雅中部和西部,以及喜马拉雅山的不对称发展。

更新日期:2021-04-11
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