The purpose of this paper is to probe into the coupled coordination of urbanization in population, land, and industry to improve urbanization quality. A coupled coordination degree model, spatial analysis method and spatial metering model are employed. The study area is 110 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The study shows that: (1) the coupling degree of the population-land-industry urbanization grew very slowly between 2006 and 2016. On the whole, the three-dimensional urbanization is in a running-in period, and land-based urbanization dominates, while population-based urbanization and industry-based urbanization are relatively lagging behind. (2) The three major urban agglomerations, the Chengdu-Chongqing, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River Delta, are parallel to the whole area in terms of the coupling degree of the three dimensional urbanization with a well-ordered structure, especially in the central cities of the three major urban agglomerations. (3) There is significant spatial correlation in the coupling degree and coordination degree of the three-dimensional urbanization. The high value of coupling degree and coordination degree are clustered continuously in developed cities, provincial capitals, and central cities of the downstream reaches of the Yangtze River. (4) The coordinated degree has significant positive spatial autocorrelation, showing obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics: H-H agglomeration areas are concentrated in the downstream developed areas such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai. L-L agglomeration areas are mainly concentrated in upstream undeveloped areas, but the number of their cities shows a decreasing trend. (5) The coordination degree of the three-dimensional urbanization is the result of the comprehensive effect of economic development level, the government’s decision-making behavior,and urban location. Among them, the economic development level, urbanization investment, traffic condition, and urban geographical location play a decisive role. This paper contributes to the existing literatures by exploring urbanization quality, spatial correlation and influencing factors from the perspectives of the three-dimensional urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The conclusion might be helpful to promote the coupling and coordinated development of urbanization in population-land-industry, and ultimately to improve urbanization quality in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

中文翻译：

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长江经济带人口时空耦合的时空特征及其驱动机制

本文的目的是探讨人口，土地和工业中城市化的耦合协调，以提高城市化质量。采用耦合协调度模型，空间分析方法和空间计量模型。研究区域是长江经济带的110个地级市。研究表明：（1）2006-2016年人口与土地工业城市化的耦合度增长非常缓慢。总体而言，三维城市化正处于磨合期，以土地为基础的城市化占主导地位。 ，而以人口为基础的城市化和以工业为基础的城市化则相对落后。（2）成渝，长江中游和长三角三大城市群，从三维城市化的耦合程度和结构有序的角度来看，它们与整个区域平行，特别是在三大城市群的中心城市。（3）三维城市化的耦合度和协调度之间存在显着的空间相关性。耦合度和协调度的高价值连续地聚集在发达城市，省会城市和长江下游的中心城市。（4）协调度具有显着的正空间自相关，显示出明显的空间集聚特征：HH集聚区集中在江苏，浙江，上海等较发达的下游地区。LL集聚区主要集中在上游欠发达地区，但其城市数量却呈下降趋势。（5）三维城市化的协调程度是经济发展水平，政府决策行为和城市选址的综合效应的结果。其中，经济发展水平，城市化投资，交通状况和城市地理位置起着决定性的作用。本文从长江经济带的三维城市化的角度探讨了城市化的质量，空间相关性及其影响因素，为现有文献做出了贡献。结论可能有助于促进人口土地工业中城市化的耦合协调发展，最终改善长江经济带的城市化质量。