Microalgal biofuel production is a useful process to produce sustainable and carbon-neutral biofuels. The choice of microalgal species and the processes adopted in various production stages determine biofuel production. In this review, recent technological advancements made in various stages of microalgal biofuel production are discussed. This review also discussed the recent progress made in harvesting microalgal biomass and lipid extraction. In addition, the viability of using wastewater as a nutrient source for microalgae and its nutrient removal capabilities has been discussed in detail. This is the first study that enlists and compares the minimum achievable cost of biofuel produced in different studies. Also, process optimization strategies adopted to minimize the cost are discussed. The reported biofuel production cost varied from 0.14 $/L to 24.33 $/L based on the variation in the microalgae strains, production method, and optimization strategies.

微藻生物燃料生产是生产可持续的和碳中和的生物燃料的有用过程。微藻种类的选择以及在各个生产阶段采用的过程决定了生物燃料的生产。在这篇综述中，讨论了在微藻类生物燃料生产的各个阶段中取得的最新技术进步。这篇综述还讨论了在收获微藻生物质和脂质提取方面取得的最新进展。另外，已经详细讨论了使用废水作为微藻营养源的可行性及其去除营养的能力。这是第一项研究，它征集并比较了不同研究中生产的生物燃料的最低可实现成本。此外，还讨论了将成本最小化的过程优化策略。报告的生物燃料生产成本为0。