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The State-of-the-Art Production of Biofuel from Microalgae with Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment: Influence of Process Variables on Biofuel Yield and Production Cost

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Abstract

Microalgal biofuel production is a useful process to produce sustainable and carbon-neutral biofuels. The choice of microalgal species and the processes adopted in various production stages determine biofuel production. In this review, recent technological advancements made in various stages of microalgal biofuel production are discussed. This review also discussed the recent progress made in harvesting microalgal biomass and lipid extraction. In addition, the viability of using wastewater as a nutrient source for microalgae and its nutrient removal capabilities has been discussed in detail. This is the first study that enlists and compares the minimum achievable cost of biofuel produced in different studies. Also, process optimization strategies adopted to minimize the cost are discussed. The reported biofuel production cost varied from 0.14 $/L to 24.33 $/L based on the variation in the microalgae strains, production method, and optimization strategies.

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Abbreviations

ASP:

Activated sludge process

CAPEX:

Capital expenses

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DME:

Dimethyl ether

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

GM:

Genetically modified

HRAP:

High-rate algal pond

HTL:

Hydrothermal liquefaction

NH4 + :

Ammonium

NO3 − :

Nitrate

OPEX:

Operating expenses

ORP:

Open raceway pond

PBR:

Photobioreactors

PO4 3− :

Phosphate

RABR:

Rotating algal biofilm

TN:

Total nitrogen

TP:

Total phosphorus

WW:

Wastewater

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    Mohit Aggarwal & Neelancherry Remya

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Aggarwal, M., Remya, N. The State-of-the-Art Production of Biofuel from Microalgae with Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment: Influence of Process Variables on Biofuel Yield and Production Cost. Bioenerg. Res. 15, 62–76 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10277-1

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