Synthetic small diameter vascular grafts frequently fail owing to intimal hyperplasia, results from mismatched compliance between the vascular graft and native vessels. A vascular graft with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR, materials expand transversely when pulled axially) was suggested to enhance compliance. We produced a three-layer tubular vascular scaffold with NRP properties. The luminal side consisted of nanosized electrospun fibers for endothelial cell (EC) growth. The middle layer was an NPR structure created using 3D printing, and the outer layer was a microsized electrospun fiber layer for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. The developed multi-layer tubular vascular scaffold contained NPR value. And the NPR vascular scaffold showed 1.7 time higher compliance than the PPR scaffold and 3.8 times higher than that of commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular graft. In addition, the ECs and VSMCs were well survived and proliferated on the scaffold during 10 days of culture. From the optimized co-culture condition of the VSMCs and ECs that VSMC phenotype changed was inhibited, we successfully generated a thin luminal layer, which consisted of ECs and the proper thickness of the VSMC layer under the ECs. This scaffold may have a potential to replace conventional artificial vascular graft by providing enhanced compliance and improved cell culture environment.

合成的小直径血管移植物经常由于内膜增生而失败，这是由于血管移植物与天然血管之间的顺应性不匹配所致。建议使用泊松比为负值（NPR，轴向拉伸时材料会横向膨胀）的血管移植物来增强顺应性。我们生产了具有NRP特性的三层管状血管支架。腔侧由用于内皮细胞（EC）生长的纳米级电纺纤维组成。中间层是使用3D打印创建的NPR结构，外层是用于血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）生长的超细电纺纤维层。研制的多层管状血管支架具有NPR值。NPR血管支架的顺应性比PPR支架高1.7倍，比PPR支架高3倍。比商用聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）血管移植物高8倍。此外，在培养的10天中，ECs和VSMC在支架上的存活率很高，并能增殖。通过抑制VSMC表型改变的VSMC和EC的最佳共培养条件，我们成功地形成了一个薄的管腔层，该管腔由EC以及EC下的VSMC层的适当厚度组成。通过提供增强的顺应性和改善的细胞培养环境，该支架可能具有替代常规人工血管移植物的潜力。我们成功地生成了一个薄的内腔层，该内腔层由EC和EC下的VSMC层的适当厚度组成。通过提供增强的顺应性和改善的细胞培养环境，该支架可能具有替代常规人工血管移植物的潜力。我们成功地生成了一个薄的内腔层，该内腔层由EC和EC下的VSMC层的适当厚度组成。通过提供增强的顺应性和改善的细胞培养环境，该支架可能具有替代常规人工血管移植物的潜力。