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Development of Multi-layer Tubular Vascular Scaffold to Enhance Compliance by Exhibiting a Negative Poisson’s Ratio

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Abstract

Synthetic small diameter vascular grafts frequently fail owing to intimal hyperplasia, results from mismatched compliance between the vascular graft and native vessels. A vascular graft with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR, materials expand transversely when pulled axially) was suggested to enhance compliance. We produced a three-layer tubular vascular scaffold with NRP properties. The luminal side consisted of nanosized electrospun fibers for endothelial cell (EC) growth. The middle layer was an NPR structure created using 3D printing, and the outer layer was a microsized electrospun fiber layer for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. The developed multi-layer tubular vascular scaffold contained NPR value. And the NPR vascular scaffold showed 1.7 time higher compliance than the PPR scaffold and 3.8 times higher than that of commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular graft. In addition, the ECs and VSMCs were well survived and proliferated on the scaffold during 10 days of culture. From the optimized co-culture condition of the VSMCs and ECs that VSMC phenotype changed was inhibited, we successfully generated a thin luminal layer, which consisted of ECs and the proper thickness of the VSMC layer under the ECs. This scaffold may have a potential to replace conventional artificial vascular graft by providing enhanced compliance and improved cell culture environment.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2020R1A2C200652811) and the Gachon University research fund of 2018 (GCU-2018-0367).

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Author notes

  1. Chi Bum Ahn and Joo Hyun Kim contributed equally this article as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea

    Chi Bum Ahn, Ji-Hyun Lee & Jin Woo Lee

  2. Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

    Joo Hyun Kim & Jin Woo Lee

  3. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea

    Kook Yang Park & Kuk Hui Son

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  1. Chi Bum Ahn
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Contributions

C.B.A., J.H.K., K.H.S., and J.W.L conceived the experiments, C.B.A., J.H.K., J.-H.L conducted the experiments, K.Y.P., K.H.L., and J.W.L. analyzed the results. K.H.S. and J.W.L. wrote the article. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kuk Hui Son or Jin Woo Lee.

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Ahn, C.B., Kim, J.H., Lee, JH. et al. Development of Multi-layer Tubular Vascular Scaffold to Enhance Compliance by Exhibiting a Negative Poisson’s Ratio. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. 8, 841–853 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-021-00332-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-021-00332-9

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