Biogas is a vital renewable energy source that could play an effective role in fulfilling the world’s energy demand, not only in heat and power generation but also as a vehicle fuel in the future. Unfortunately, due to impurities, biogas requires a series of upgrading steps, which affects its economics and sustainability. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is one of the impurities that economically and environmentally hinder the biogas utilization as a source of energy. H 2 S removal from biogas using different technologies was extensively studied and established. One of such technology is adsorption. Adsorption by solid sorbents is considered as a suitable removal technique for toxic gases such as H 2 S because of its simplicity, easy handling, and environmental friendly sorbents. In this review, the utilization of waste material-based sorbent for H 2 S removal was appraised. Other gaseous components of biogas such as siloxanes, CO 2 , etc., are out of the scope of this work. The potential and effectiveness of the waste-derived sorbents, either raw waste or modified waste, were summarized in terms of its characteristics, suitability, and sustainability. The review provides an insightful analysis of different types of wastes such as sewage sludge, food waste, forestry waste, fly ash, and industrial wastes as an alternative to commercial adsorbents to adsorb H 2 S gas. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that if these sorbents are to be successfully commercialized, its economic analysis, regeneration conditions, and potential utilization of the spent sorbents has to be further exploited. Nevertheless, there is a great prospectus in the future for these waste materials to be utilized as sorbents for H 2 S removal.

中文翻译：

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使用废物衍生的吸附剂吸附去除沼气中硫化氢的研究进展

沼气是一种至关重要的可再生能源，不仅可以满足热能和发电方面的需求，而且可以作为未来的车辆燃料，在满足世界能源需求方面发挥有效作用。不幸的是，由于杂质，沼气需要一系列升级步骤，这会影响其经济性和可持续性。硫化氢（H 2 S）是在经济和环境方面阻碍沼气作为能源使用的杂质之一。对使用不同技术从沼气中去除H 2 S进行了广泛的研究和建立。这种技术之一是吸附。由于固体吸附剂的简单性，易于处理和环境友好的吸附剂，因此被认为是除去H 2 S等有毒气体的一种合适的去除技术。在这篇评论中，评估了基于废料的吸附剂脱除H 2 S的利用率。沼气的其他气体成分，例如硅氧烷，CO 2等，不在本工作范围之内。从废物的特性，适用性和可持续性方面总结了废物来源的吸附剂的潜力和有效性，无论是原始废物还是改性废物。该评论对不同类型的废物（例如污水污泥，食品废物，林业废物，粉煤灰和工业废物）进行了深入分析，以替代商业吸附剂来吸收H 2 S气体。基于分析，得出的结论是，如果要成功地将这些吸附剂商业化，则必须进一步利用其经济分析，再生条件和对废吸附剂的潜在利用。尽管如此，