Iron and manganese both are important ferrous metals, and they usually need to be extracted separately for better usage. Ferromanganese ore from the Yunnan Province of China was investigated by subjecting it to reduction roasting, leaching, magnetic separation, hydrometallurgical separation process, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). It is noted that the ferromanganese ore contains valuable components or elements of 21.41 wt% Fe₂O₃ and 19.88 wt% MnO, which are 14.99% and 15.40% of the total of Fe and Mn, respectively, with a large amount of impurities comprising 33.00 wt% SiO₂, 9.81%wt% Al₂O₃, etc. After roasting, microscopic examination showed the presence of haematite, magnetite, pyrolusite, psilomelane, hollandite, marcasite, pyrite, limonite, braunite and manganite, while XRD analysis showed that the magnetite content increases with the increase in roasting temperature, reflecting the increase in conversion of haematite to magnetite. Based on EPMA and SEM-EDS analysis, it was shown that the haematite and magnetite interface were the main Fe-bearing minerals; however, the dissemination of the two minerals, that is, haematite and magnetite with the coexistence of Fe- and Mn-bearing minerals, will result in difficulty in effective separation of Fe and Mn. The effective roasting temperature and roasting time were 800 °C and 60 min, respectively, to avoid the formation of a composite oxide of Mn_xFe_3-xO₄ beyond 800 °C. The Fe recovery via roasting and magnetic separation only was 66.56%, whereas a combination of magnetic separation which ensued after the leaching process showed a recovery of 80.08% and 59.95% of Fe and Mn, respectively.