Almond production is a significant horticulture crop for Australia. Serious yield losses can be caused by the fungal disease anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species that infect the fruit and leaves. Genomic sequence data for gene extraction, along with multigene phylogenetic analyses and whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis were used to determine the phylogeny of Colletotrichum isolates collected from almonds across Australia. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of six gene regions (ITS, tub2, gapdh, chs-1, act and his3) identified C. acutatum sensu stricto, C. fioriniae and C. simmondsii as pathogens of almond. Similar topology was observed using ANI, which provided increased resolution within C. acutatum, with isolates separating largely according to geographic origin. The ANI analysis also supported three separate species with isolates within each species sharing >98.7% ANI (species cut off = 95%), while between species there was <90.5% ANI. Pathogenicity assays on detached almond leaves revealed differences in aggressiveness among representative isolates from the three species, with higher susceptibility on leaves of variety Price than Nonpareil. This is the first report of C. fioriniae and C. simmondsii causing anthracnose of almond globally.

杏仁产量是澳大利亚重要的园艺作物。炭疽病菌引起的真菌病炭疽病可能会造成严重的产量损失，炭疽菌会感染果实和叶片。用于基因提取的基因组序列数据，以及多基因系统发育分析和全基因组平均核苷酸同一性（ANI）分析，用于确定从澳大利亚各地的杏仁中采集的炭疽菌分离物的系统发育。对六个基因区域（ITS，tub2，gapdh，chs-1，act和his3）的多基因系统发育分析确定了C. acutatum sensu stricto ，C。fioriniae和C. simmondsii。作为杏仁的病原体。使用ANI观察到了类似的拓扑结构，这提高了A. acutatum内的分离度，分离株主要根据地理来源分离。ANI分析还支持了三个分离的物种，每个物种中的分离物共享ANI> 98.7％（物种截断率= 95％），而物种之间的ANI却小于90.5％。分离的杏仁叶的致病性分析显示，来自这三个物种的代表性分离株在侵略性上的差异，对各种价格的叶片的敏感性高于Nonpareil。这是C. fioriniae和C. simmondsii首次在全球引起杏仁炭疽病的报道。