Twenty years after the passing of Resolution 1325, the participation of women as military personnel in peacekeeping operations remains limited. Women currently comprise just under five per cent of military personnel in UN peacekeeping missions, and the UN consistently calls for more. We contend the low numbers of female military personnel in peacekeeping reflects a lack of gender mainstreaming in national militaries globally. This article introduces the problem of sidestreaming, the practice, deliberate or unintentional, of sidelining women and relegating them to specialised spaces in international peace and security while attempting gender mainstreaming or increased gender integration. Drawing on empirical evidence from national militaries we show how and where sidestreaming occurs with the result being that women remain clustered in gendered and low-status spaces in national militaries and in specialised spaces in peacekeeping operations. This has a negative effect on retention and recruitment contributing to the low numbers of female peacekeepers in UN peace operations. We conclude that gender mainstreaming in its fullest sense will require military reform that decouples violence and combat skills from masculinity and inclusive research strategies that engage men as well as women.

中文翻译：

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性别分流？分析国家军队和国际维和中的性别主流化

第 1325 号决议通过 20 年后，妇女作为军事人员参与维和行动的人数仍然有限。目前，女性在联合国维和行动中占军事人员的比例不到 5%，联合国一直呼吁增加这一比例。我们认为，维和中女性军事人员的数量较少反映了全球各国军队中缺乏性别主流化。这篇文章介绍的问题旁流, 在尝试将性别观点纳入主流或加强性别融合的同时，有意或无意地将妇女边缘化并将她们置于国际和平与安全领域的专门领域的做法。利用来自国家军队的经验证据，我们展示了侧流是如何以及在何处发生的，其结果是女性仍然聚集在国家军队的性别和地位低的空间以及维和行动的专业空间中。这对留用和征聘造成负面影响，导致联合国维和行动中女性维和人员人数较少。我们的结论是，最全面的性别主流化将需要军事改革，将暴力和战斗技能与男性和女性参与的包容性研究策略脱钩。