Indeed is a polyfunctional item which functions both as an epistemic adverbial and a connective discourse marker (cf. Traugott and Dasher, 2002; Simon-Vandenbergen and Aijmer, 2007). This paper focuses on the treatment of its connective functions in Polish translations. By examining the transcripts of EU parliamentary proceedings in an English-Polish parallel corpus, this paper attempts to demonstrate that the polyfunctionality of indeed and a higher degree of grammaticalization it shows in comparison with its Polish equivalents provide a challenge to translators, and affect their interpretation of its connective functions. The problems result in the employment of various underspecification techniques (cf., Crible et al., 2019) in translation. The analyzed translations reveal frequent omissions of indeed, cases of functional mismatch, generalization and particularization of its meanings, as well as the use of double equivalents. They also indicate the tendency for the connective functions of indeed to be overgeneralized onto its Polish epistemic equivalents which are not sufficiently grammaticalized to perform them.

的确是一个多功能项目，既可以作为认知副词，又可以作为结语的话语标记（参见Traugott和Dasher，2002年； Simon-Vandenbergen和Aijmer，2007年）。本文着重于波兰语翻译中其连接功能的处理。通过检查英语-波兰语平行语料库中的欧盟议会程序的笔录，本文试图证明欧盟确实具有多种功能与波兰语对等物相比，它显示出更高的语法化程度，对翻译人员提出了挑战，并影响了他们对其结语功能的解释。这些问题导致在翻译中采用了各种规格不足的技术（参见Crible等，2019）。经过分析的翻译揭示了确实存在的频繁遗漏，功能不匹配的情况，其含义的泛化和特殊化以及使用双重等效项。它们还表明，确实存在连接功能趋于普遍化的趋势，而波兰的认知等效性却没有被充分语法化以执行这些功能。