The study examines the ontological similarity between the concept of competitor orientation and questionable intelligence-gathering efforts. Respondents from the hotel industry were surveyed with self-administered questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to identify the structure underlying variables of market orientation and ethical judgment on questionable intelligence-gathering efforts. The results suggest that the surveyed hotel managers are unable to distinguish the legitimate tactics of competitor orientation from the questionable practice of industrial espionage.

中文翻译：

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是否教过酒店经理在情报收集方面要积极进取？

该研究考察了竞争者取向概念与可疑的情报收集工作之间的本体相似性。旅馆业的受访者接受了自我管理的问卷调查。进行了探索性因素分析，以确定了市场导向变量的基础结构，以及有关可疑情报收集工作的道德判断。结果表明，接受调查的酒店管理者无法将竞争对手定向的合法策略与可疑的工业间谍活动区分开来。