Two semi-synthetic clay-based catalysts were prepared. These catalysts were obtained by incorporating lanthanum oxide (Cat1) and chromium oxide (Cat2). They were then tested for catalytic cracking of a heavy petroleum residue (fuel). The two formulations were carried out in the presence of silica to improve their acidity then underwent an acid activation. The catalysts obtained were characterized by various methods (XRD, FTIR, ICP-OES, SEM). The results showed that the incorporation of oxides and the addition of silica improves the structural characteristics of the final products. The support used was a kaolinite rich clay, having a specific surface area of 15.26 m²/g and acidity of 14 meq/g. These values increase, respectively, to 456.14 m²/g and 50 meq/g for Cat1 and to 475.12 m²/g and 57 meq/g for Cat2. The influence of the type of oxide incorporated, the specific surface area, the porosity and the acidity of the catalysts on their catalytic activity was studied. The nature of the oxide used proved to be decisive on the quality of the catalyst. Thus Cat1, prepared with lanthanum oxide, showed the best performance in cracking the petroleum residue achieving a conversion rate of 74.13% compared to 66.53% for cat2.

制备了两种半合成粘土基催化剂。这些催化剂是通过掺入氧化镧 (Cat1) 和氧化铬 (Cat2) 获得的。然后对它们进行重质石油残渣（燃料）的催化裂化测试。这两种配方是在二氧化硅存在下进行的，以提高其酸度，然后进行酸活化。通过各种方法（XRD、FTIR、ICP-OES、SEM）对所得催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，氧化物的掺入和二氧化硅的添加改善了最终产品的结构特性。使用的载体是富含高岭石的粘土，具有15.26m ² /g的比表面积和14meq/g的酸度。对于 Cat1 ，这些值分别增加至 456.14 m ² /g 和 50 meq/g；对于 Cat2，这些值分别增加至 475.12 m ² /g 和 57 meq/g。研究了催化剂的氧化物类型、比表面积、孔隙率和酸度对其催化活性的影响。事实证明，所用氧化物的性质对催化剂的质量具有决定性作用。因此，用氧化镧制备的 Cat1 在裂化石油渣油方面表现出最佳性能，转化率达到 74.13%，而 Cat2 的转化率为 66.53%。