Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shaped today’s user services, enabling enhanced personalization and better support. As such AI-based services inevitably require user data, the resulting privacy implications are de facto the unacceptable face of this technology. In this article, we categorize and survey the cutting-edge research on privacy and data protection in the context of personalized AI services. We further review the different protection approaches at three different levels, namely, the management, system, and AI levels—showing that (i) not all of them meet our identified requirements of evolving AI services and that (ii) many challenges are addressed separately or fragmentarily by different research communities. Finally, we highlight open research challenges and future directions in data protection research, especially that comprehensive protection requires more interdisciplinary research and a combination of approaches at different levels.

中文翻译：

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人工智能服务中的数据保护

人工智能 (AI) 的进步塑造了当今的用户服务，实现了增强的个性化和更好的支持。由于此类基于人工智能的服务不可避免地需要用户数据，因此由此产生的隐私影响实际上是该技术不可接受的一面。在本文中，我们对个性化 AI 服务背景下的隐私和数据保护前沿研究进行了分类和调查。我们进一步审查了三个不同级别的不同保护方法，即管理、系统和 AI 级别——表明（i）并非所有这些方法都满足我们确定的不断发展的 AI 服务的要求，并且（ii）许多挑战是单独解决的或由不同的研究团体零散地进行。最后，我们强调开放研究挑战和数据保护研究的未来方向，