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Comment on ‘On the relationship between Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown and global surface warming’
Environmental Research Letters ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 , DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abc775
Xianyao Chen 1 , Ka-Kit Tung 2
Affiliation  

The recent Environmental Research Letters article by Caesar, Rahmstorf and Feulner (hereafter CRF) is essentially a Comment on our Nature paper (Chen and Tung 2018 Nature 559 387–91), but without an accompanying rebuttal from us. In this unusual format for the exchange outside Nature, our rebuttal then becomes a Comment here at Environmental Research Letters. Our original proposal that the rate of global warming is enhanced by a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) remains valid and is strengthened with this exchange. CRF used “established evidence” to argue against our finding, but such evidence is either misapplied (i.e. applying model results from preindustrial control runs with constant greenhouse gasses to the industrial era with increasing greenhouse gasses), or misinterpreted (i.e. climate model results for the industrial era specifically for the trends interpreted as for the AMOC cycles). While we used the observed energy budget to show that a strong (weak) AMOC transports more (less) heat to below 200 m, CRF replaces the actual budget with a simple energy-balance equation. They used an inappropriate equilibrium approximation to their simple equation to argue that global mean surface temperature (GMST) and AMOC should be in phase. We show here that the exact solution to that same equation actually supports our claim on the relationship between the rate of change of GMST and the AMOC state, which they misunderstood as we claiming a negative correlation between GMST and AMOC themselves. They claimed, incorrectly, that a positive correlation coefficient, no matter how small and even though none of them is statistically significant, is strong evidence that the two time series are in phase. The correlation coefficients that they found using observational data (0.01, 0.28 and 0.45), though positive, correspond to $89^\circ ,74^\circ ,63^\circ$ out of phase, far from being in-phase. Visually they were made to look somewhat in-phase with decadal smoothing and short-period detrending. Both model and observational evidence supports the conclusion of our original paper that the period of AMOC minimum is a period of rapid rate of surface warming.



中文翻译:

评论“关于大西洋经络翻转环流放缓与全球地表变暖之间的关系”

Caesar,Rahmstorf和Feulner(以下称CRF)最近发表的《环境研究快报》文章本质上是对《自然》杂志评论(Chen and Tung 2018 Nature 559 387–91),但没有得到我们的反驳。以这种与自然界以外交流的不寻常形式,我们的反驳随后成为《环境研究快报》评论 。我们最初的建议是通过弱的大西洋子午翻转循环(AMOC)来提高全球变暖的速度,这一建议仍然有效,并通过这种交换得到了加强。CRF使用“既定证据”来反对我们的发现,但是这样的证据要么被错误地使用(即将工业化前的控制模型结果以恒定的温室气体应用于不断增加的温室气体的工业时代),要么被曲解(即气候模型的结果被误解)。专门针对解释为AMOC周期的趋势的工业时代)。虽然我们使用观察到的能源预算来表明强(弱)的AMOC会将更多(更少)的热量传递到200 m以下,但CRF用一个简单的能量平衡方程式代替了实际预算。他们对他们的简单方程式使用了不适当的平衡近似值,认为全球平均表面温度(GMST)和AMOC应该同相。我们在这里表明,对该等式的精确解实际上支持了我们对GMST变化率与AMOC状态之间关系的主张,由于我们声称GMST与AMOC自身之间存在负相关关系,因此他们误解了这一主张。他们错误地认为,正相关系数,无论多么小,即使它们在统计上都不显着,都是有力的证据证明两个时间序列是同相的。他们使用观测数据(0.01、0.28和0.45)发现的相关系数虽然为正,但与 我们在这里表明,对该等式的精确解实际上支持了我们对GMST变化率与AMOC状态之间关系的主张,由于我们声称GMST与AMOC自身之间存在负相关关系,因此他们误解了这一主张。他们错误地认为,正相关系数,无论多么小,即使它们在统计上都不显着,都是有力的证据证明两个时间序列是同相的。他们使用观测数据(0.01、0.28和0.45)发现的相关系数虽然为正,但与 我们在这里表明,对该等式的精确解实际上支持了我们对GMST变化率与AMOC状态之间关系的主张,由于我们声称GMST与AMOC自身之间存在负相关关系,因此他们误解了这一主张。他们错误地认为,正相关系数,无论多么小,即使它们在统计上都不显着,都是有力的证据证明两个时间序列是同相的。他们使用观测数据(0.01、0.28和0.45)发现的相关系数虽然为正,但与 一个正相关系数,无论多么小,即使它们在统计上都不显着,也有力地证明了两个时间序列是同相的。他们使用观测数据(0.01、0.28和0.45)发现的相关系数虽然为正,但与 一个正相关系数,无论多么小,即使它们在统计上都不显着,也有力地证明了两个时间序列是同相的。他们使用观测数据(0.01、0.28和0.45)发现的相关系数虽然为正,但与$ 89 ^ \ circ,74 ^ \ circ,63 ^ \ circ $异相,远非同相。从视觉上看,它们看起来与十年平滑和短时期的下降趋势同相。模型和观测证据均支持我们的原始论文的结论,即AMOC最小值的时间段是表面升温速率迅速的时间段。

更新日期:2021-02-26
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