Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Sch. Bip ex Kunze (Asteracaeae) is a littoral sand dune herb found in the Indian Ocean region, used as a folk medicine and as a savory vegetable in Thailand. It is in the transition stage from a kitchen & cottage industry to a commercial proposition. Rapid light curves to measure the photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) were conducted on the plants over the course of daylight from 6:00 to 18:00 using a PAM fluorometer on plants grown under 50% (nominal) green horticultural and 20% black (nominal) shade cloth and in the open. Plants grown in the open were sun plants. E_opt (µmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹) decreased slightly under shade cloth (open air: 890 > green shade cloth, 778 > green shade cloth, 713). Launaea shows limited shade adaptation. ETR decreased under shade cloth on both a surface area and Chl a basis (µmol e⁻ g Chl a⁻¹ s⁻¹) [open air: 388 > (green shade cloth, 209 = black shade cloth, 263)]. Maximum non-photochemical quenching (NPQ_max) was significantly decreased under black shade cloth [(open air: 1.02 = green shade cloth, 0.969) > black shade cloth, 0.694]. ETR showed midday inhibition (9:00–15:00) when irradiance exceeded the E_opt of Launaea. Daily total photosynthetic electron transport was (mmol e⁻ m⁻² d⁻¹): open air, 1890 ± 157; green shade cloth, 1620 ± 203, black shade cloth, 1217 ± 143. Green shade cloth has no effect on total daily photosynthetic electron transport of Launaea but offers some protection from desiccation and excessive evapotranspiration. Waterlogging decreases ETR by about 40%. Launaea can be grown watered with brackish (½ seawater) water unlike many other vegetables. Launeae is a physiologically undemanding cottage industry/market garden crop suitable for sandy coastline fishing communities.

Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Sch. Bip ex Kunze (Asteracaeae) 是一种在印度洋地区发现的沿海沙丘草本植物，在泰国用作民间药材和咸味蔬菜。它正处于从厨房和家庭手工业到商业主张的过渡阶段。在 6:00 至 18:00 的日光过程中，使用 PAM 荧光计对 50%（标称）绿色园艺和 20% 黑色种植的植物进行快速光曲线测量，以测量植物的光合电子传递率 (ETR) （标称）遮光布和中空。露天种植的植物是阳光植物。E _opt (µmol photon m ^-2  s ^-1 ) 在遮光布下略有下降（露天：890 > 绿色遮光布，778 > 绿色遮光布，713）。Launaea显示出有限的阴影适应。在遮光布下，表面积和叶绿素a基础上的 ETR 均降低（μmol e ^- g Chl a ^-1  s ^-1）[露天：388 >（绿色遮光布，209 = 黑色遮光布，263）]。在黑色遮光布下最大非光化学淬火（NPQ _max）显着降低[（露天：1.02 = 绿色遮光布，0.969）> 黑色遮光布，0.694]。当辐照度超过Launaea的E _opt时，ETR 显示出中午抑制（9:00-15:00） 。每日总光合电子传递为 (mmol e ^- m ^-2 d ^-1): 露天, 1890 ± 157; 绿色遮光布，1620 ± 203，黑色遮光布，1217 ± 143。绿色遮光布对Launaea的每日总光合电子传输没有影响，但对干燥和过度蒸散有一定的保护作用。涝渍会使 ETR 降低约 40%。与许多其他蔬菜不同， Launaea可以用微咸水（½ 海水）浇水种植。Launeae是一种生理要求不高的家庭手工业/市场花园作物，适合沙质海岸线捕鱼社区。