Abstract
Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Sch. Bip ex Kunze (Asteracaeae) is a littoral sand dune herb found in the Indian Ocean region, used as a folk medicine and as a savory vegetable in Thailand. It is in the transition stage from a kitchen & cottage industry to a commercial proposition. Rapid light curves to measure the photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) were conducted on the plants over the course of daylight from 6:00 to 18:00 using a PAM fluorometer on plants grown under 50% (nominal) green horticultural and 20% black (nominal) shade cloth and in the open. Plants grown in the open were sun plants. Eopt (µmol photon m−2 s−1) decreased slightly under shade cloth (open air: 890 > green shade cloth, 778 > green shade cloth, 713). Launaea shows limited shade adaptation. ETR decreased under shade cloth on both a surface area and Chl a basis (µmol e− g Chl a−1 s−1) [open air: 388 > (green shade cloth, 209 = black shade cloth, 263)]. Maximum non-photochemical quenching (NPQmax) was significantly decreased under black shade cloth [(open air: 1.02 = green shade cloth, 0.969) > black shade cloth, 0.694]. ETR showed midday inhibition (9:00–15:00) when irradiance exceeded the Eopt of Launaea. Daily total photosynthetic electron transport was (mmol e− m−2 d−1): open air, 1890 ± 157; green shade cloth, 1620 ± 203, black shade cloth, 1217 ± 143. Green shade cloth has no effect on total daily photosynthetic electron transport of Launaea but offers some protection from desiccation and excessive evapotranspiration. Waterlogging decreases ETR by about 40%. Launaea can be grown watered with brackish (½ seawater) water unlike many other vegetables. Launeae is a physiologically undemanding cottage industry/market garden crop suitable for sandy coastline fishing communities.
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Abbreviations
- Abtλ :
-
Absorptance proportion of light absorbed by leaf at a given wavelength, AbtF is default absorptance
- (α0):
-
Photosynthetic efficiency, the initial slope of photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) (as e− photon−1) versus irradiance curve at E = 0 (α0 = ETRmax × e/Eopt)
- Chl a :
-
Chlorophyll a
- E:
-
Is the irradiance (µmol photon m−2 s−1 400–700 nm PPFD)
- Eopt :
-
Optimum irradiance (µmol photon m−2 s−1)
- ETR:
-
Photosynthetic electron transport rate corrected for actual absorptance (Abtλ) of leaves
- NPQ½max :
-
Irradiance (µmol photon m−2 s−1) at which non-photochemical quenching is ½ of maximum
- NPQmax :
-
Maximum non-photochemical quenching
- rETR:
-
PAM parameter relative (photosynthetic) electron transport rate
- Y (Yield):
-
PAM parameter photochemical Yield
- Y1/2 :
-
The half maximum irradiance point for yield (Y)
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Acknowledgements
This study of Launaea physiology was partially funded by a grant from The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) of Thailand (P. Thongchumnum and K. Kanjanachatree). The project was also partially funded by Prince of Songkla University-Phuket, Faculty of Technology and Environment and ANED (Andaman Environment and Natural Disaster Research Centre). The authors wish to thank the university for access to their facilities. The authors also wish to thank the director and other staff of Sirinath National Park (Natthawat Nuisriram, Winai Sae-io, Wichai Takarnkit and Nette Daechakul) who co-operated in the project. We would also like to thank Assoc Prof. Daniel Tan (Sydney University, Agriculture) for his helpful comments on the study.
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Suhailar Sma-Air was employed to assist in the project by Raymond J. Ritchie; otherwise, there are no conflicts of interest.
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Ritchie, R.J., Sma-Air, S., Limsathapornkul, N. et al. Photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) in the littoral herb Launaea sarmentosa known as mole crab in Thailand. Photosynth Res 150, 327–341 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-021-00826-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-021-00826-2