Podocytes are the key cells involved in protein filtration in the glomerulus. Once proteins appear in the urine when podocytes fail, patients will end with renal failure due to the progression of glomerular damage if no proper treatment is applied. The injury and loss of podocytes can be attributed to diverse factors, such as genetic, immunologic, toxic, or metabolic disorders. Recently, autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism to eliminate the unwanted cytoplasmic materials and to prolong the lifespan of podocytes by alleviating cell damage and stress. Typically, the fundamental function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is to mediate the intercellular communication. Recent studies have suggested that, EVs, especially exosomes, play a certain role in information transfer by communicating proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs with recipient cells. Under physiological and pathological conditions, EVs assist in the bioinformation interchange between kidneys and other organs. It is suggested that EVs are related to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including glomerular disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. However, the role of EVs in podocyte autophagy remains unclear so far. Here, this study integrated the existing information about the relevancy, diagnostic value and therapeutic potential of EVs in a variety of podocytes-related diseases. The accumulating evidence highlighted that autophagy played a critical role in the homeostasis of podocytes in glomerular disease.

足细胞是参与肾小球蛋白质过滤的关键细胞。一旦足细胞衰竭时尿液中出现蛋白质，如果不采取适当的治疗，患者将因肾小球损伤的进展而导致肾衰竭。足细胞的损伤和丢失可归因于多种因素，例如遗传、免疫、毒性或代谢紊乱。最近，自噬已成为消除不需要的细胞质材料并通过减轻细胞损伤和压力来延长足细胞寿命的关键机制。通常，细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的基本功能是介导细胞间通讯。最近的研究表明，EVs，尤其是外泌体，通过与受体细胞交流蛋白质、mRNAs和microRNAs，在信息传递中发挥一定的作用。在生理和病理条件下，EVs 有助于肾脏和其他器官之间的生物信息交换。提示EVs与急性肾损伤和慢性肾病的发病机制有关，包括肾小球疾病、糖尿病肾病、肾纤维化和终末期肾病。然而，迄今为止，EVs 在足细胞自噬中的作用仍不清楚。在这里，本研究整合了有关 EV 在各种足细胞相关疾病中的相关性、诊断价值和治疗潜力的现有信息。越来越多的证据强调，自噬在肾小球疾病中足细胞的稳态中起着关键作用。提示EVs与急性肾损伤和慢性肾病的发病机制有关，包括肾小球疾病、糖尿病肾病、肾纤维化和终末期肾病。然而，迄今为止，EVs 在足细胞自噬中的作用仍不清楚。在这里，本研究整合了有关 EV 在各种足细胞相关疾病中的相关性、诊断价值和治疗潜力的现有信息。越来越多的证据强调，自噬在肾小球疾病中足细胞的稳态中起着关键作用。提示EVs与急性肾损伤和慢性肾病的发病机制有关，包括肾小球疾病、糖尿病肾病、肾纤维化和终末期肾病。然而，迄今为止，EVs 在足细胞自噬中的作用仍不清楚。在这里，本研究整合了有关 EV 在各种足细胞相关疾病中的相关性、诊断价值和治疗潜力的现有信息。越来越多的证据强调，自噬在肾小球疾病中足细胞的稳态中起着关键作用。本研究整合了有关 EV 在各种足细胞相关疾病中的相关性、诊断价值和治疗潜力的现有信息。越来越多的证据强调，自噬在肾小球疾病中足细胞的稳态中起着关键作用。本研究整合了有关 EV 在各种足细胞相关疾病中的相关性、诊断价值和治疗潜力的现有信息。越来越多的证据强调，自噬在肾小球疾病中足细胞的稳态中起着关键作用。