The influence that parameters crookedness and taper have on the stack volume was analyzed by using a 3D-simulation model in this study. To do so, log length, diameters at the midpoint and both ends, crookedness, bark thickness, taper and ovality were measured in 1000 logs of Scots pine. From this database, several data sets with different proportions of crooked and tapered logs in stack as well as with different degrees of taper and crookedness were created and taken as basis to simulate the stacks and carry out the analysis. The results show how the variation of these parameters influences the stack volume and provide their volume variation grades. These rates of variation were compared with measurement guidelines of some countries and previous research works. In conclusion, the parameters crookedness and taper influence the stack volume to a considerable extent. Specifically, the stack volume is increased as the crookedness degree or the proportion of crooked logs increases. In contrast, the stack volume is reduced as the taper degree or the proportion of tapered logs increases. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the capability of this simulation model to provide accurate results which can serve as a basis for future studies.

中文翻译：

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利用木材堆垛的3D模拟模型分析参数歪斜度和锥度对堆垛量的影响

在这项研究中，使用3D模拟模型分析了参数弯曲度和锥度对烟囱容积的影响。为此，在1000根苏格兰松木中测量了原木长度，中点和两端直径，弯曲度，树皮厚度，锥度和椭圆度。从该数据库中，创建了多个数据集，这些数据集具有不同比例的弯曲和渐缩的原木堆栈，以及不同程度的锥度和弯曲度，并以此为基础来模拟堆栈并进行分析。结果表明，这些参数的变化如何影响烟囱容积并提供其容积变化等级。将这些变化率与一些国家的测量指南和以前的研究工作进行了比较。综上所述，参数弯曲度和锥度会在很大程度上影响烟囱的容积。具体地，随着弯曲度或弯曲原木的比例增加，堆叠体积增加。相反，随着锥度或锥度原木的比例增加，堆叠体积减小。此外，结果证明了该仿真模型提供准确结果的能力，可以作为将来研究的基础。