Abstract In general, the majority of native or near-native speakers of a certain language can easily identify a sentence as a proverb. They are able to do this due to different structural features, among others. These specific syntactic structures appear quite frequently in proverbs and serve as a warning sign that the particular text is deviant from the surrounding discourse and is, most probably, a proverb. The so-called proverbial formulae, e.g. Better X, than Y; When you X (you) Y; No X, no Y etc., are considered to be one of the most easily recognizable proverbial characteristics. They often serve as basic syntactic models and lend themselves readily for the insertion of new contents (cf. Taylor 1985: 16). In his study Structural Aspects of Proverbs, Mac Coinnigh has shown that proverbs from different languages, for instance English, Estonian, Finnish, German and Swedish, share the same or a very similar syntactic architecture (Mac Coinnigh 2015: 117–120). The Irish linguist, however, did not consider examples from the Bulgarian language. Therefore, one of the main aims of the present paper is to investigate which of the structural models recorded in previous paremiological works (Kuusi 1987 (1966); Röhrich and Mieder 1977; Permjakov 1979; Mieder 2006a and 2012 etc.) can be identified in traditional Bulgarian proverbs and in what frequency. Moreover, the study intends to test the widespread hypothesis that humorous proverb innovations and variations (anti-proverbs) are often created based on proverbial formulae (Litovkina 2015: 333). For the purposes of the study, two corpora of 649 proverbs and 370 anti-proverbs were analyzed. The corpora have been previously built by Hrisztova-Gotthardt and Gotthardt (Hrisztova-Gotthardt 2006 and 2010b; Hrisztova-Gotthardt and Gotthardt 2011 and 2012). The qualitative analysis has shown that 14 out of the 16 structural formulae listed by Röhrich and Mieder (1977) and Mieder (2006a and 2012) can be found in Bulgarian proverbs. The most common formula was He who Xs, Ys, serving as a syntactic model for 48 different commonly used proverbs. In case of anti-proverbs, the present structural model could be clearly identified in 30 out of 370 texts. The most prominent formulae were He who Xs, Ys, X is Y and Better X than Y.

中文翻译：

---

Kein Sprichwort否Strukturformel？保加利亚国家图书馆的语法结构图式

摘要通常，使用某种语言的大多数母语或近乎母语的人都可以轻松地将句子识别为谚语。由于不同的结构特征，他们能够做到这一点。这些特定的句法结构在谚语中经常出现，并作为一个警告信号，表明特定文本偏离了周围的话语，很可能是谚语。所谓的谚语公式，例如X比Y好；当你X（你）Y; 没有X，没有Y等被认为是最容易识别的谚语特征之一。它们通常充当基本的句法模型，并且很容易为自己插入新内容提供帮助（参见Taylor 1985：16）。Mac Coinnigh在研究谚语的结构方面时，已经证明了来自不同语言（例如英语，爱沙尼亚语，芬兰语，德语和瑞典语具有相同或非常相似的句法体系结构（Mac Coinnigh 2015：117–120）。但是，爱尔兰语言学家并未考虑保加利亚语中的示例。因此，本论文的主要目的之一是研究可以识别出以前的类似著作（Kuusi 1987（1966）；Röhrichand Mieder 1977; Permjakov 1979; Mieder 2006a和2012等）中记录的结构模型。传统的保加利亚谚语以及频率。此外，该研究旨在检验普遍的假设，即幽默谚语的创新和变异（反谚语）通常是基于谚语公式创建的（Litovkina 2015：333）。为了研究的目的，分析了649个谚语和370个反谚语的两个语料库。该语料库由Hrisztova-Gotthardt和Gotthardt先前建立（Hrisztova-Gotthardt 2006和2010b； Hrisztova-Gotthardt和Gotthardt 2011和2012）。定性分析表明，在保加利亚谚语中可以找到Röhrich和Mieder（1977）和Mieder（2006a和2012）列出的16个结构式中的14个。最常见的公式是He，Xs，Ys充当48种常用谚语的句法模型。在使用反谚语的情况下，可以在370个文本中的30个文本中清楚地识别出当前的结构模型。最突出的公式是X，Y，X为Y且X优于Y的He。定性分析表明，在保加利亚谚语中可以找到Röhrich和Mieder（1977）和Mieder（2006a和2012）列出的16个结构式中的14个。最常见的公式是He，Xs，Ys是48种常用谚语的句法模型。在使用反谚语的情况下，可以在370个文本中的30个文本中清楚地识别出当前的结构模型。最突出的公式是X，Y，X为Y且X优于Y的He。定性分析表明，在保加利亚谚语中可以找到Röhrich和Mieder（1977）和Mieder（2006a和2012）列出的16个结构式中的14个。最常见的公式是He，Xs，Ys是48种常用谚语的句法模型。在使用反谚语的情况下，目前的结构模型可以在370个文本中的30个中清楚地识别出来。最突出的公式是X，Y，X为Y且X优于Y的He。